ÂŞIK ÇELEBİ’NİN MEŞÂ’İRÜ’Ş-ŞUARÂ’SINDA LATÎFELER

Özet

Latîfe, güldürmek eğlendirmek amacıyla söylenen güzel, nükteli söz ya da hikâye ve şakadır; sözle anlatılması güç olan ince anlam, güldürecek tuhaf söz ve hikayeyi anlatır. Latîfeler, söylendikleri dönemin dil ve üslup özellikleriyle toplum hayatına ve tarihî, edebî kişiliklere ışık tutmaları bakımından önemlidir. Bunların içinde zaman zaman müstehcen olanlara da rastlanmaktadır. Latîfelerin toplanıp yazıldığı mecmualara letâif, letâifnâme adı verilmiştir. Bu eserler 16. yüzyıldan itibaren yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Mizah, bir şaka işidir. Gülünç olmadan güldürebilmek, kıvrak bir zeka isteyen bir sanattır. İnsanların mizah yapacağım derken bayağılığa düşmemesi gerekir. İnsan onurunu aşağılayan mizah şekli genelde eleştirilmiş, zarif, hoş, ölçülü ve yerinde olan üstün tutulmuştur. Özel letâifnâmeler olduğu gibi bazı eserler içinde latîfelere de rastlanmaktadır. Bu eserlerden biri de Âşık Çelebi'nin Meşâirü'ş-Şuarâ isimli tezkiresidir. Âşık Çelebi'nin en önemli eseri Meşâirü'ş-Şuarâ isimli tezkiresidir. Âşık Çelebi, kendine has üslubu ile tezkiresini yazmıştır. Kısa biyografilerde verdiği bilgiler diğer tezkirelerden pek de farklı değildir. Tanıdığı şairleri anlatırken onun üslubu meydana çıkar. Tezkirenin en önemli özelliklerinden birisi onun öğrendiği ve yakınlarından duyduğu şairler hakkında en doğru ve geniş bilgiyi vermesi, bir psikolog gibi şairleri ve olayları incelemesidir. Böylece tezkire bir hikaye veya roman havası taşımaktadır. Âşık Çelebi Tezkiresinde şairleri anlatırken latîfe olarak nitelendirilebilecek çeşitli olayları da anlatmaktadır. Âşık Çelebi, bunları letâif olarak nitelendirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Âşık Çelebi Tezkiresi'ndeki latîfeler üzerinde durulacaktır

Abstract

Jest is a pleasant and witted word or story or joke that is told for the purpose of making laugh and entertain. Jest tells fine meanings that are harder to tell with words as well as weird words and stories that will make laugh. Jests are very important in aspect of shedding light to history and life of community, literary personalities with the language and wording characteristics of the period they are told. In them, sometimes you can see obscene things in these Letaifs. Magazines gathering and writing jests are referred as Letaif, Letaifname. These works have become common as from 16th century. Humour is a work of jokes. Making laugh without being laughed is an art requiring agile wit. People must not be vulgar while attempting to humour with someone. Humour insulting to honour of human is generally criticised however elegant, pleasant and fitted humour are considered as superior. There are special Letaifnames as well as jests are encountered in certain works. One of these works is the Collection of Biographies of Aşık Çelebi referred as Meşairü’ş-Şuara. Most significant work of Aşık Çelebi is the Collection of Biographies referred as Meşairü’ş-Şuara. Aşık Çelebi has written his Collection of Biographies with his unique wording. Information he presented in short biographies is not so different than other collection of biographies. His wording shines while telling the poets he recognized. One of the most important characteristics of collection of biographies is giving most accurate and widest information about the poets he recognized and learnt from his surrounding and inspecting the poets and events as a psychologist. Therefore, collection of biographies has the mood of a story or novel. Aşık Çelebi also tells various events that can be qualified as jest while describing the poets in his collection of biographies. Aşık Çelebi has specified them as letaif. We will attempt to indicate the jests in the collection of biographies written by Aşık Çelebi in this article Jest is a pleasant and witted word or story or joke that is told for the purpose of making laugh and entertain. As for sufism, soft and nice meaning belong to heart circumstances. And it’s also the meaning which can not be described but sensed to related people by nickname. Jest having meaning of well, pleasant word, joke, humour that makes people laugh and cheer tells fine meanings that are harder to tell with words as well as weird words and stories that will make laugh. Magazines gathering and writing jests are referred as Letaif, Letaifname. This first example of magazines which gather the works including humours were written in 15. century and by 16.century this kind of works had gained prevalence. Letaif magazines generally were written as prose. These proses include the stories between poets of the period. Daily life, forms of people’s thought and understanding, events related to traditions and customs are discussed in letaifs. When giving the depiction of social category and human types, it’s used the words with two meaning and by this way its created the inner meaning. Thus, when it’s read the sentences carefully, ludicrous expressions show up. Humour is a joke word. People shouldn’t be ordinary when they try to make humour. Basically, humour which insults human honour is critised, humour which is elegant, nice, measured and well is praised. Irony is in different category which insults mankind, destroys things which is it’s target. Aşık Çelebi was born in Prizren, 1520. He lost his father and mother in early age. Thanks to his grandfather, he took lessons from Istanbul’s famous scholars and met with different poets. He did management in many places. In the time when he managed in Uskup, he died in the end of 1572. Aşık Çelebi told different events which can be named as letaif when he tells abouts poets. Aşık Çelebi described these kind of expressions as letaif or jest. Some of these are here: One day, scholar people say “Molla Refik is not a scholar, but he collects books. What he does with these books?” Thereupon Kemalpaşazade Ahmed told “The others took books and tortured to them however he protected the books. When it’s compared, it’s better to protect the books than the other.” There was a big hurricane when Kemalpaşazade Ahmed was going to Egypt with Sultan Selim in Karaman. Sultan Selim asked: “Karaman has very hurricanes, is there any aphorizm about it?” and the poet answered: “Konya is from Karaman. Because of Saint Mevlana’s grave is in there, every stone, mountain and soil dhikrs, Mevlevi.” Here is another story between Ahmedi and Timur: When Timur came to Amasya, Ahmedi presented ode and obeyed him. Timur started to attend Ahmedi’s lectures. One day they chatted in bathhouse. Timur asked: “Can you give me these women’s prices?” Ahmedi answered “Who worths gold and silver, who worths to the world.” Timur liked this answer and asked again: “Measure my value?” Thereupon Ahmedi valued him as eighty earnings. In response, Timur said “take pity, only loincloth worths eighty earnings.” In reply Ahmedi said “I volue just it, you don’t worth anything.” This statement made him happy and lavished something on him. One day, Basiri mentioned about the dangerous things, amusement and pleasure. Iskender Çelebi asked: “Have you ever seen Magrip?” Then the poet understood his intent and said: “I’m not İskenderi Zulkarneyn that’s why I can’t see the world.”There was a poet named Molla Arap. One day, he and Molla Lutfi argued in front of Sultan Mehmet. Molla Arap said him: “You generally know about philosophy, you don’t know about religion and it’s necessities.” Thereupon Molla Lutfi answered: “If you give me your beard, I can teach you several varieties of it.” Revani started to take care of before a hydro in Bursa after Aghia Sophia foundations in Istanbul when he returned from haj. He built a cell house near Kırkçesme. When this house was built, Sultan Selim saw the house and asked: “Whose masjid is this?”When the poet an