ARAPÇANIN YABANCI DİL OLARAK ÖĞRETİMİNDE ÇOKLU ZEKA KURAMI STRATEJİLERİNİN KULLANILMASI NE DENLİ ETKİLİDİR?

HOW EFFECTIVE ARE MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE THEORY STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING ARABIC AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE?

Özet

Şüphesiz öğrenciler zeka bakımından birbirlerinden faklıdırlar. Bunun sonucu olarak öğrenciler, farklı yollarla öğrenirler, anlarlar ve hatırlarlar. Öğrenciler tek bir zekaya sahip değildirler. Her öğrencide birçok zeka mevcuttur. Ama bu zekaların bazıları kuvvetli bazıları ise zayıftır. Çoklu zeka kuramı bu durumu ortaya çıkararak eğitim ve öğretimi etkilemiş ayrıca kuram eğitim ve öğretimde çok kullanılmıştır. Bazı araştırmacılara göre bu kuram, aktif yöntemler arasında yerini almıştır. Çoklu zeka kuramı eğitim ve öğretim alanına yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırmıştır. Hızla uygulanılmaya başlayan bu kuram Arapça öğreniminde de başarıyla kullanılabilir. Çoklu zeka yönteminde her öğrenciye farklı bir yetenek olarak bakılmalı ve ayrı bir öğrenme tekniği uygulanmalıdır. Öğrenci her an derse katılan ve aktif bir eleman gibi düşünülmelidir. Bu araştırma, yabancı dil öğretiminde özellikle de Arapçanın öğretiminde bu kuramdan istifade etmiştir. Çalışmanın hedefi, yabancı dil olarak Arapçanın öğretiminde, çoklu zeka kuramı stratejilerinin nasıl kullanılabileceğidir. Bu araştırma iki temel kısma ayrılmaktadır. 1.Eğitim ve öğretim çoklu zeka kuramı stratejileri 2.Bu stratejilerin yabancı dil olarak Arapça öğretiminde uygulanması Araştırma, analizci yönteme dayanılarak yazılmıştır

Abstract

Every student is different in terms of intelligence undoubtfully. As a result, students learn, understand and remember in different ways. Students do not have a single intelligence area. Each student has more than one intelligence area. Some of these intelligence areas are strong and others are weak. The theory of multiple intelligence has brought about this situation, affecting education and learning. According to some researchers, this theory is among active methods. According to the theory of multiple intelligence, each student should be viewed as a different talent and a separate learning technique must be applied.The student should be considered as an active member who participates in the class at any moment.Multiple intelligence theory has given a new perspective to the field of education.This theory, which has been applied rapidly, can be successfully used in Arabic teaaching This research has benefited from this theory in foreign language teaching, especially in Arabic teaching. The aim of the study is to use the strategies of multiple intelligence theories in the teaching of Arabic as a foreign language. This research is divided into two basic parts. 1.Education and multiple intelligence theory strategies. 2. Application of these strategies in teaching Arabic as a foreign language. The research was based on analytical method.What is intelligence? What influences it? How does intelligence effect learning? It has been a topic of curiosity and discussion for centuries. As a result of the studies, it has become clear that there are more types of intelligence than numerical and verbal intelligence. The definition and the content of intelligence have changed in the last thirty years with Howard Gardner, a learning psychologist. Contrary to the fact that people are considered to be intelligent when they show success in mathematics and in language, he claims that those who are talented in music, sports, dance, painting and communication, and those who know themselves well are also intelligent. He defined intelligence as very different from traditional understanding; he mentioned intelligence areas and defined each person as having more than one intelligence area.Since the Multiple Intelligence Theory offers "multiple" and "diverse" learning experiences, these learning experiences must also be taught and evaluated with a "multiple" understanding. In this regard, in Arabic language teaching, it is necessary to adopt learner-centered learning and teaching strategies that take individual differences into account, and to operate with an understanding of education and teaching in which different methods and techniques are used to display the knowledge, skills and attitudes of learners. From this point, while teaching Arabic, teaching the same thing with different methods and materials will make things easier for people with different comprehension capacities to learn. Multiple Intelligence Areas The eight areas of intelligence mentioned in Howard Gardner's "Frames of mind" (1983), Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice (1993), and Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century (1999) are these; 1. Verbal Intelligence 2. Logical (Mathematical) Intelligence 3. Spatial Intelligence 4. Musical - Rhythmic Intelligence 5. Physical (Kinesthetic) Intelligence 6. Social Intelligence 7. Personal (Intellectual) Intelligence 8. Naturalist Intelligence 9. Morality (Secular-Existential-Exuberant) Intelligence 1- What is Verbal - Linguistic Intelligence? It includes the ability to use all the features of the language effectively and beautifully, such as poetry, humor, story telling, grammar, metaphors, abstract and symbolic thinking, concept creation and word writing. 2- What is Logical (Mathematical) Intelligence? It is sensitive to systems established with mathematical and logical relationships. Includes effective usage of numbers such as computer programming, mathematics, statistics. 3- What is Visual – Spatial Intelligence? Includes the ability to design forms with different depths and angles, as well as situations that require the use of information in the surface and in it. Visual arts; such as painting, graphic and sculpture; Maritime, map-making and architecture, chess play are all in this area of intelligence. 4- What is Physical (Kinesthetic) Intelligence? It involves expressing feelings by using the body, playing games or producing a new product.5- What is Social Intelligence? It includes the ability to work collaboratively within a group and to communicate verbally or non-verbally with other people. This intelligence area also reveals the differences in interests among people. 6-What is Personal (Intellectual) Intelligence? It is the ability to recognize their own feelings, the degree of emotional reaction, the process of thinking, self-reflection and selfunderstanding. At the same time, it involves knowing one's inner look. 7- What is Musical (Rhythmic) Intelligence? It includes being reactive to voices and musical instruments and the ability to recognize and use the concepts of rhythm and tone. 8- What is Naturalist Intelligence? It is the ability to be sensitive to nature and environment, to be able to recognize details and relationships in nature. Naturalist intelligence involves feeling, thinking and acting on all kinds of natural phenomena. Multiple Intelligence Theory Based Teaching Strategies And Arabic Teaching 1- Teaching Strategies for Verbal - Linguistic Intelligence Area Teaching Strategies for verbal-linguistic intelligence area can be listed as follows: Storytelling, Brainstorming, Voice Recorder, Publication, Diarize. 2- Teaching Strategies for Logical (Mathematical) Intelligence Area The following are among the instructional strategies that support the development of logical-mathematical intelligence: Measurement and calculation, Socratic questioning, Classification, “What is the similarity? What is the difference?”, The logic of scientific thinking.