KELOĞLAN TİPİNE PİKARESK ANLATIM BAĞLAMINDA BİR BAKIŞ

Özet

Türk dünyasında yaygın olan Keloğlan tipi, kellik imgesine bağlı anlamlar kazanan mitsel bir figürdür. Kel başlı 'Ulu Atalar', don değiştirme motifiyle Türk kültürünün manevî gücünün ritüelleştiği bir ruhun arketipsel ilk imgesidir.Kutsal bir ritüel olarak gelenekleşen bu durum, anlatılarda da don değiştirme olarak geçen bir motiftir. Mitsel bir figür olan Kel Ata'nın bölünen işlevleriyle kurnaz, sevecen ve muzip bir masal tipi doğar. Keloğlan masallarında baştaki ve sondaki durumun tezat oluşturduğu kahramanın özellikleri; pikaro tipinin ayırıcı özelliğidir. Keloğlan, Türk insanının/toplumunun düşünüş ve duyuş tarzıyla pikaresk anlatımın özelliklerini yansıtan bir tiptir. Pikaro tipi ezilmiş ve sömürülmüş bir kahramanın karşıt güçlerin kötülükleri karşısında değişerek başarı kazanmasını konu edinir. Keloğlan, karşıt güçler karşısında pikaresk anlatımda görülen şaşırtıcı değişimle mücadelesini kazanır. Keloğlan masalları, pikaro tipinin mücadele yöntemindeki değişiklikle farklı bir değer kazanır. Keloğlan'ın rakipleriyle mücadelesi, kaba kuvvete değil; sivri bir zekânın ürünü olan mizah ve hicve dayanır. Masalın başında saf, yoksul, aptal ve tembel olarak tasvir edilen kahraman, değişen dünyanın ve insanın oyun ve düzenleri karşısında uyanışa geçerek mücadele eder. Keloğlan'ın mücadelesi toplumu sömüren ve baskı kuran güçlere karşıdır; bu yönüyle Keloğlan masalları pikaresk anlatıda öne çıkan toplumsal bir eleştiri örneğidir. Keloğlan, pikaresk anlatının özellikleriyle Türk kültürünün masal metinlerinde öne çıkan pikarotipidir; aklın ve zekânın öncelendiği bir mücadele yöntemiyle rakiplerini bozguna uğratır. Halk edebiyatı anlatı geleneği içinde önemli bir yeri olan Keloğlan tipi ve masallarının pikaresk anlatı ve pikaro tip yönüyle çözümlenmesi bu çalışmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Keloğlan tipinin ve Keloğlan masallarının işlevleri, sembolik kültürel kodları ve masal metinleri arasındaki yeri üzerine yapılan önceki çalışmalara ek olarak bu çalışmada Keloğlan'ın pikaresk anlatıdaki yeri ve pikaro tip özelliği üzerinde durulacaktır. Pikaresk anlatı ve pikaro tipi tanıtılarak; Keloğlan'ın kahraman mitine dönüşü ve Keloğlan'ın bir masal kahramanı olarak konuyla ilgili özellikleri irdelenecektir. Masal kahramanı olarak Keloğlan'ın pikaro tiple benzer ve farklı yönlerinin metinlerden örneklerle çözümlemesi yapılacaktır

Abstract

The Kaloghlan type, which is widespread in the Turkish world, is a mythical figure that has meaning depending on the image of baldness. The bald headed ‘Great Ancestors’ is the first archetypal image of a soul that ritualizes the spiritual power of Turkish culture with the motif of changing the frost. This situation, which has become traditional as a sacred ritual, is a motif that is referred to as frost change. With the divisive functions of Bald-Ancestor, a mythical figure, a cynical, loving and mischievous fairy tale is born. The features of the hero contrasted with the initial and final situation in Kaloghlan’s tale; is the distinguishing feature of the picaro type. Kaloghlan is a type that reflects the characteristics of picaresque narration in the way of thinking and hearing of the Turkish people / society. The Pikaro type is about the fact that a crushed and exploited hero gains success by changing against the evils of opposing forces. Kaloghlan wins the struggle against the opposing forces with the astonishing change seen in picaresque narration. The Kaloghlan tales gain a different value with the change of the method of struggle of the picaro type. The struggle of Kaloghlan's opponents is not a crude force; It is based on humor and satire, the product of a sharp mind. Hero depicted as pure, poor, stupid and lazy at the beginning of the tale, struggles to awaken in the face of the changing world and man's play. Kaloghlan's struggle is against the forces that exploit and oppress society; In this respect Kaloghlan's epistles are an example of a social critique that stands out in the picaresque narrative. Kaloghlan is the type of picaro that stands out in the tales texts of Turkish culture, with the characteristics of the picaresque narrative; it disrupts its opponents with a method of struggle in which the mind and intelligence are prioritized. The analysis of Kaloghlan type and its tale, which has an important place in the folk literature narrative tradition, is based on picaresque narrative and picaro type oriented analysis. In addition to the previous works on the functions of the Kaloghlan type and Kaloghlan tales, their symbolic cultural codes and their place among the fairytale texts, Kaloghlan's place in the picaresque narrative and the picaro type feature will be emphasized in this study. Pikaresk narration and picaro typeintroduction; Kaloghlan's return to the hero's myth and Kaloghlan's heritage as a fairy tale hero will be examined. As a fairy tale hero, similar and different aspects of picaro tongue of Kaloghlan will be analyzed with examples from texts. STRUCTURED ABSTRACT The Kaloghlan type, which is widespread in the Turkish world, is a mythical figure that has meaning depending on the image of baldness. The bald headed ‘Great Ancestors’ is the first archetypal image of a soul that ritualizes the spiritual power of Turkish culture with the motif of changing the frost. This situation, which has become traditional as a sacred ritual, is a motif that is referred to as frost change. With the divisive functions of Bald-Ancestor, a mythical figure, a cynical, loving and mischievous fairy tale is born. The features of the hero contrasted with the initial and final situation in Kaloghlan’s tale; is the distinguishing feature of the picaro type. Kaloghlan is a type that reflects the characteristics of picaresque narration in the way of thinking and hearing of the Turkish people / society. The Pikaro type is about the fact that a crushed and exploited hero gains success by changing against the evils of opposing forces. Kaloghlan wins the struggle against the opposing forces with the astonishing change seen in picaresque narration. The Kaloghlan tales gain a different value with the change of the method of struggle of the picaro type. The struggle of Kaloghlan's opponents is not a crude force; It is based on humor and satire, the product of a sharp mind. Hero depicted as pure, poor, stupid and lazy at the beginning of the tale, struggles to awaken in the face of the changing world and man's play. Kaloghlan's struggle is against the forces that exploit and oppress society; In this respect Kaloghlan's epistles are an example of a social critique that stands out in the picaresque narrative. Kaloghlan is the type of picaro that stands out in the tales texts of Turkish culture, with the characteristics of the picaresque narrative; it disrupts its opponents with a method of struggle in which the mind and intelligence are prioritized. The analysis of Kaloghlan type and its tale, which has an important place in the folk literature narrative tradition, is based on picaresque narrative and picaro type oriented analysis. In addition to the previous works on the functions of the Kaloghlan type and Kaloghlan tales, their symbolic cultural codes and their place among the fairytale texts, Kaloghlan's place in the picaresque narrative and the picaro type feature will be emphasized in this study. Pikaresk narration and picaro type introduction; Kaloghlan's return to the hero's myth and Kaloghlan's heritage as a fairy tale hero will be examined. As a fairy tale hero, similar and different aspects of picaro tongue of Kaloghlan will be analyzed with examples from texts. Kaloghlan is a type that has been kept alive with different names by preserving the basic characteristics of the new geographies which are shaped and migrated by Central Asian culture which is the mainland of Turks. Kaloghlan type is a mythical figure shaped in the Turkish world with the belief of 'Bald Ancestor'. Baldness in Central Asia, and bald horse is a sacred prayer in the Turks. Tastaray is the type of Altay epics of Kaloghlan. These two heroes, who have similarities to their features and functions, are fed from the mythical figure 'Bald Ancestor'. TastarayKaloghlan is a pikaro type of Turkish society that a common myth originated. It is seen that Kaloghlan's tales and Kaloghlan, as a type, are mythological rootpieces outsi