Bilişsel Psikoloji Perspektifinden Muhaddislerde Tenkit Metodu

The Critical Approach of Muhaddiths From the Perspective of Cognitive Psychology

Özet

Bu araştırma, hadis tenkit yöntemini içeren İslami bilgiler aracılığıyla psikolojik durumları okumayı ele almaktadır. Çünkü uygulamalı hadis çalışmaları münekkidin, psikolojik terimleri kullanmasa da bilişsel psikoloji alanına yönelik değerlendirmeler yaptığına işaret ediyor. Hadisleri kabul veya reddetmede bilişsel psikoloji ilmiyle ilgili bu bilimsel kuralların uygulanması, konularının insan olması sebebiyle bu iki ilim arasında bir benzerlik olduğunu ortaya koyar. Dikkat, ezber, hafıza ve ölçüm testleri gibi bilinçsel süreçlerle ilgili bazı hususlar ve bu süreçlerin odak noktası olan insan psikolojisiyle ilgili, yetenekler, motivasyonlar ve onları etkileyen dengesizlikler gibi konularda her iki ilim karşılaştırıldı. Sonra birleştikleri ve ayrıldıkları noktaları tespit etmek için tenkit yönteminde muhaddislerden ve psikoloji ilmindeki araştırmacıların çalışmalarından örnekler sunuldu. Sonuç olarak çıkış noktası ve sonuç bakımından farklılıklar gösterseler de zihinsel eylemler ile ilgili konular bakımından iki ilim arasında kısmi bir benzerlik olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı. Hadis münekkitlerinin sika tarifinin gerçekleşmesi için zabt şartı, psikologların bahsettiği dikkat anlamını içermektedir. Ancak sevap ve günah gibi şeri' sebeblerden dolayı muhaddisler bu konuda daha seçici davranmışlardır. Bilişsel psikolojide araştırmacılar, insanın zihinsel becerilerinin dikkat ve odaklanma becerisinde rol oynadığını kanıtlamışlardır. Ravilerden makbul olanı diğerlerinden ayırt etmek için raviler arasında karşılaştırma yapan hadis münekkitlerinin dikkati de bu noktada yoğunlaşmıştır.

Abstract

This research aims to read psychological states through Islamic knowledge that includes the method of hadith criticism. Because, in the hadith studies, we understand that the critic makes evaluations in the field of cognitive psychology. The implementations of these scientific rules related to the science of cognitive psychology, which isThis research deals with reading the psychological states through Islamic knowledge that includes the method of hadith criticism. Because, in the hadith studies, we understand that the critic makes evaluations in the field of cognitive psychology even though he or she doesn’t use psychological terms. The implementations of these scientific rules related to the science of cognitive psychology, which is used to accept or reject hadiths, reveals that there is a similarity between these two sciences because their subject is human knowledge. Scholars of both sciences were compared in terms of cognitive processes such as attention, memorization, memory and measurement tests, and some subjects related to human psychology, which are the focus of these processes, such as their abilities, motivations and the imbalances that affect them. After that, examples from the studies of the hadith scholars and researchers in the science of psychology were presented in the method of criticism in order to determine the points where they converged and diverged. As a result, although they differ in terms of starting point and result, it was concluded that there is a partial similarity between the two sciences in terms of subjects related to mental actions. The condition for the Zabt of the Thiqa definition of hadith critics includes the meaning of attention that psychologists talk about. However, the hadith scholars were more selective in this regard due to the Shari’a reasons such as good deeds and sins. In cognitive psychology, researchers have proven that people’s mental abilities play a role in attention and focus. The attention of hadith critics, who made comparisons among the narrators, concentrated on this point in order to distinguish the acceptable one from the others. used to accept or reject hadiths, reveals that there is a close relationship between these two sciences because their subject is human knowledge. Scholars of both sciences were compared in terms of cognitive processes such as attention, memorization, memory and measurement tests, and some subjects related to human psychology, which are the focus of these processes, such as their abilities, motivations and the imbalances that affect them. After that, examples from the studies of the hadith scholars and researchers in the science of psychology were presented in the method of criticism in order to determine the points where they converged and diverged. As a result, although they differ in terms of starting point and result, it was concluded that there is a partial similarity between the two sciences in terms of subjects related to mental actions. The condition for the Zabt of the Thiqa definition of hadith critics includes the meaning of attention that psychologists talk about. However, the hadith scholars were more selective in this regard due to the Shari’a reasons such as good deeds and sins. In cognitive psychology, researchers have proven that people’s mental abilities play a role in attention and focus. The attention of hadith critics, who made comparisons among the narrators, concentrated on this point in order to distinguish the acceptable one from the others.

Anahtar kelimeler: Hadis, Hadis tenkit yöntemi, Bilişsel psikoloji, Zabt, Dikkat