KAVMİYETÇİLİK

Özet

19. yüzyıl, bilimsel ve kültürel manada insan topluluklarının büyük ve etkili kırılmalar yaşadığı bir dönemdir. Bilimsel gelişmenin fen bilimleri odağa alınarak büyük yol kat ettiği bu dönemde sosyal bilimlerin metodolojisi de ırk (genetik), iklim, gibi coğrafi verileri bakış açısının merkezine yerleştirmiştir. Bu bakış açısı, birlikte yaşamanın elzem olduğu modern toplum yapısında sosyolojik bazı problemlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada "Irkçılık ya da Kavmiyetçilik" olarak isimlendirilen olgunun, modern dünyada yarattığı olumsuz algı odağa alınacaktır. Bu bağlamda Kavmiyetçilik, "insanın sahip olduğu yaratılış farklılıklarını, yaratılış itibariyle kendisine benzemeyen diğer insanların aleyhine kullanması" olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu kötü haslet, fertler arasında önce sinsice yayılır daha sonra da toplumların parçalanıp dağılmasına yol açar. Genetiksel, dinsel, mekânsal vb. kültürel niteliklerin daha üstün olduğunu esas alan "kavmiyetçilik" cinsiyet, grup ve takım rekabetlerine kadar varan aşırılıklarla bireyler arasında hırs ve öfke tohumlarının atılmasına yol açar. Bireylerin hamasi yönleri üzerinden yürüyen bu bakış açısı, başlangıçtaki bilimsel özelliğini de yitirerek sosyolojik bir "kangren" halini alır. Bütün dünyadaki toplumları çeşitli yönleri ile ilgilendiren bu problemin İslam toplumları için daha özel bir anlamı bulunmaktadır. Zira İslam dini sadece belirli bir ırkı muhatap almayan evrensel bir dindir. Kavmiyetçilik, bir soyu üstün sayarak, öteki ırkları küçük görmektir. Kavmiyetçilik, geleneklerine uymayan ve onun esaslarını aşağılayan, hırçın ve zalim bir aklın ürünüdür. Irkçılık ya da bir başka ifade ile Kavmiyetçilik, dinî iletişimi koparan başıboşluk ve dehşete alan kazandıran, sosyal yapıda tahribe yol açan bir virüstür. Özellikle hayata anlam veren dinsel ve etik esaslar yerine, soycu ve ırksal kriterleri esas alması dolayısıyla yıkıcıdır. Toplumların yapısında fitnenin en berbat seyrangâhı, ırksal iddiasıdır. Bu sebeple bu hastalık, vahdetimizi bölmeye uygun faktörlerin başında gelir. Bundan dolayı soyculuğun tabiatında yarılmak, bölünmek bulunur

Abstract

19th century was era of great and effective breakups in scientific and cultural meanings. In this period which science showed progress in the focal point of physical sciences, datas from race (genetics), climate, geography centered at metodology of social sciences. Within this perspective which is compulsary in modern society, some sociological problems revealed. In this present study, negative perception of the fact which is called “nationalism” will be focused. Nationalism in this context can be described as human’s usage of the other people’s differences from creation against them. This bad trait spreads between persons cunningly first then causes divide and collapse of societies. “Nationalism” which based superiority of cultural features of race, lineage, tribe, kin, sect, language, belief, etc, breeds bad blood in gender, group and team conflicts. This point of view which runs on the epic features of persons’, lost its scientific feature then turns into sociological ‘gangrane’. This problem which involves societies of the world in various points, has special meaning for Islamic societies. Likewise religion of Islam does not adress a single race but it is an universal religion. In this present study, various meanings and interprets of verses of the Koran and hadith mentioned which glimmering on the explanation of this problem. Centered around Islam belief and the from the time of the first man and prophet Adam examples from various societies and symbols given so negative conclusions of nationalist and ethnocentrism tried to revealed. Especially dangerous levels of nationalism for the muslim societies in the last century pointed. It is tried to give proposals to muslim societies’ conflicts in the solution to this subject from their internal dynamics 19th century was era of great and effective breakups in scientific and cultural meanings. In this period which science showed progress in the focal point of physical sciences, datas from race (genetics), climate, geography centered at metodology of social sciences. Within this perspective which is compulsary in modern society, some sociological problems revealed. In this present study, negative perception of the fact which is called “nationalism” will be focused. Nationalism in this context can be described as human’s usage of the other people’s differences from creation against them. This bad trait spreads between persons cunningly first then causes divide and collapse of societies. “Nationalism” which based superiority of cultural features of race, lineage, tribe, kin, sect, language, belief, etc, breeds bad blood in gender, group and team conflicts. This point of view which runs on the epic features of persons’, lost its scientific feature then turns into sociological ‘gangrane’. This problem which involves societies of the world in various points, has special meaning for Islamic societies. Likewise religion of Islam does not adress a single race but it is an universal religion. In this present study, various meanings and interprets of verses of the Koran and hadith mentioned which glimmering on the explanation of this problem. Centered around Islam belief and the from the time of the first man and prophet Adam examples from various societies and symbols given so negative conclusions of nationalist and ethnocentrism tried to revealed. Especially dangerous levels of nationalism for the muslim societies in the last century pointed. It is tried to give proposals to muslim societies’ conflicts in the solution to this subject from their internal dynamics. Kavmiyetcilik (racism) is to regard one race, nation or a lineage as superior and to despise other races. It is an assailant, invader and cruel mentality that disparages the rudiments that are not based on its own tradition. Kavmiyetcilik is a germ that loosens religious ties, spreads anarchy and atrocity, and destroys social structures. It is destructive mainly because it replaces religious and moral rules, which put life in order, with the rules based on race and nation. The most terrifying germ in social structures is the claims on lineages. Therefore, this germ is on the top of the list of things that have potential to destroy our social unity. Ultimately, Kavmiyetcilik is based on dispute and division. The damages that Kavmiyetcilik causes can be summarized as follow: - Regarding a lineage as superior damages justice, which is the foundation of societies. It causes cruelty, coercion and terror. Favoritism is one of the basic features of Kavmiyetcilik. Hence, Kavmiyetcilik could not be just and merciful. - Kavmiyetcilik damages social ties. It undermines relationships, fondness, affection and sincerity. It generates grudge, hatred and ostracism, which are the sources of all the germs that destroy our social unity and moral values. - Claiming superiority to a lineage creates a horrifying hatred-filled environment. It diminishes compassion, kindness, affection and benevolence, which are divine moral characters. An example would be the massacres carried out by racist anarchists. - Kavmiyetcilik feeds on other races and nations. Its philosophy is based on arrogance and selfishness. It claims superiority and nobility that harms social life and creates unrests and conflicts in societies. It considers itself virtuous and honorable, and never accepts any defect. - Kavmiyetcilik is like a poisonous oleander tree that extinguishes the human world. Humanity has been suffering from its poisonous fruits for centuries. First and Second World Wars are the proofs for that. Kavmiyetcilik is a destructive storm. It has weakened many states, terminated many more and created coercion and cruelty in the history of humankind. Racism is not about being different from other races; it is to regard one race physically, intellectually and morally superior and powerful based on biological differences. This approach can even reach a point where it justifies social and racial discriminations, violence and even genoc