Eski Orta -Asya Türk Kamu Hukuku'nda Kağanların Nitelik ve Vasıfları

Özet

Kağan, eski Orta-Asya Türk Kamu Hukuku’nun temel sujesiydi. Egemenlik hakkını doğrudan kullanan kağanın çok önemli görev ve sorumlulukları bulunmaktaydı. Kağan bir yandan da bazı temel nitelik ve vasıflara sahip olmalıydı. Bütün bunlar güçlü bir devlet yapısının sağlanabilmesinin temel koşulları olarak çeşitli kaynaklarda sıralanmışlardır.

Abstract

Kagan was the basic subject of the ancient Turkish Middle – Asian PublicLaw. As known, Turkish kagan had his sovereignty power from the Tengri.Kagan, who directly used the right of sovereignty had important duties andresponsibilities. Lots of essential qualifications which kagans should have hadas being sophisticated, wise, encouraged, powerful, hero, honest, virtuous,generous, humble, cautious, awake, patient, merciful, forgiving; smoothspoken, fulleyed, self contained, coming from ancestry and keeping his word,ect. were determined in different sources belonged to ancient Turks. On theother hand, not to be arrogant, not to touch the illicit, not to drink alcohol, notto gamble or not to hold a grudge can be added to the list.All these qualifications were considered as the basic conditions ofproviding strong sate structure and they enlightened the Turkish Public Lawfor long centuries. However, the principles expressed in the sources werepresented for an ideal state structure, not for present situations. As long asobeying the expressed principles, it was possible that the states would be longtermed, otherwise the process of breaking would start, easily. The ancientMiddle-Asian Turkish history is full of many samples of this fact.

Anahtar kelimeler: Kağan, Orta-Asya, Egemenlik Kavramı, Orhun Yazıtları, Kutadgu Bilig