SPIRITUAL CULTURE PROBLEMS IN BASHKIR WORKS OF EARLY 19TH CENTURY

Abstract

In the first half of XIX's century the process of decomposition feudal system and development of capitalistic relations began in Bashkortostan. Replacement of “old” with “new” captured all spheres of public life. The process of intimacy philosophical, etic, artistic-esthetic conception to reality in spiritual and cultural life of Bashkirs became stronger. Before creative intellectuals appeared a lot of question such as reforming the old written literary langnage of Turkys, rearranging educational system in compliance with demands of the times, forming philosophi cal thoughts of realistic trend which stand against medieval ideology, spiritual-intellectual depression invocatory nation to activity. In search of ways solving these problems of enlightening character the leading Bashkir creative figures as M. Ivanov, S. Kuklashev, M. Byksurin directed their attention toward democratic traditions of folklore, the leading Russian and European culture and enlightening idea. They aimed at development in their example their own national spiritual culture of democratic trend accusing medieval order, feudal ideology, backwardness of cultural life.