PATLATMA KAYNAKLI YERSARSINTISI ÖLÇÜM SONUÇLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Özet

A~lk ocaklarda yapilan patlatma faaliyetleri sirasmda ortaya cikan bashca cevresel sorunlar yer sarsmnsi, hava soku ve kaya firlamasidrr. Bu tur sorunlar bazi kosullar altinda ~evre yaprlar uzerinde hasara neden olabildikleri gibi, patlatmah kazi~all~malanmn yurutuldugu yerlerin yakmmda yasayan sakinlerle de sUreklianlasmazhklann kaynagt olabilirler. Bu nedenle; bu tur olumsuz etkileri en azaindirecek ve Uretim hedeflerini aksatmayacak kontrollu bir patlatma modelinin ortaya konulmasi icin, patlatma sonucu olusacak yer sarsmnsmm tahrninine yonelik~all~malar buyuk onern tasimaktadir. Bu ~all~mada, Arakli- Tasonu kalker ocagmda Uretim esnasmda patlatmadan kaynaklanan titresirnlerin ~evredeki okul, carni, tarihi eser ve evlere olan etkileri arasnnlrrusnr. Bu kapsamda, halen uygulanan basamakhdusey delik patlatma kazi modeli incelenmis ve gerceklestirilen basamakh atimlara eslik edilerek yersarsrnnsi sinyalleri ol~UlmU~ttir. Yapilan istatistiksel analizlerneticesinde, patlatma sonrasi a~lga cikacak titresirnlerin onceden tahrninine yonelik istatistiksel esitlik 0.71 kararhhk katsayrsi ile bulunmustur. Her basamakta yapilanatimlar ve her istasyonda olculen atrrnlar ayn ayn degerlendirildiginde daha yuksek kararhhk katsayrlan elde edilrnistir. Elde edilen esitlik kullandarak bundan sonra bu bolgede yapilacak patlatmalar icin kilavuz gorevi gorecek bir olcekli mesafe tablosuolusturulmus ve patlatmadan kaynaklanan cevresel etkilerin en aza indirilrnesi ilepatlatma kosullanrun iyilesnrilmesi amaclanrrusnr. Attmlar sonucu olusantitresirnlerin frekans degerlerinin %2.63'nUn 5-12 Hz arasmda, %78.95'inin 13-40Hz arasmda, %18.42'sinin ise 40 Hz den daha yuksek oldugu gorulrnustur, TUm havasoku kayitlan gurultuden rahatsiz olma seviyesi olan 140 dB degerinden dusuk~lklTIl~tlr. Elde edilen verilerden maksimum parcacik hizmm gecikme basma kullarulan patlayrci rniktanmn artmasi ile yukseldigi, uzakhgm artrnasiyla dU~tUgU gorulrnustur. Aynca yapilan 38 adet OI~Um sonucuna gore srrasi ile "ppy-tvrne","Pl'V -Yer Degisrirme" ve "Frekans- Yer Degistirme" arasmdaki ilişki degerlendirilmisrir.

Abstract

Abstract. The principal environmental disturbances created by blasting in open pit mines are ground vibrations, air blast and fly rock. All of them can, under somecircumstances, cause damage to civil structures nearby and, apart from this, be the source of permanent conflict with the inhabitants who live close to the operation.Therefore, prediction of ground vibration components is of great importance for the minimization of the environmental complaints. In this study, the potential impact of ground vibrations produced from blasting operations performed at Arakh- Tasonu limestone quarry on the school, mosque, historic place and village houses was investigated. The current method of excavation, which is based on cautious bench blasting with vertical or angle holes, was evaluated by measuring ground vibration components at different locations. From the statistical analysis of the results. the peak particle velocity equation was constructed with a coefficient of determination 0.71 in order to predict the ground vibrations resulting from the blasting activities in the quarry. Higher coefficients of determination were obtained for each bench and sensor location. Using the general equation obtained, it was aimed to establish ascaled distance table, which will be used as a guide for future blasting operations to adjust blasting parameters and hence to reduce environmental impact. It was foundthat 2.63%, 78.95% and 18.42% of blast induced ground vibrations had a frequency of 5-12 Hz, 13-40 Hz and higher than 40 Hz, respectively. The intensity of the air blast in all measurements was recorded below 140 dB, which is the level of human annoyance. The experimental vibration data showed that the peak particle velocity increased with increasing the charge weight per delay while it decreased with increasing the distance from the blast location towards the measuring point. The correlations between "PPV -Acceleration", "PPV -Displacernent" and Frequency- Displacement" were evaluated using