Rogers`ın Yeniliğin Yayılması Teorisi ve İnternetten Ders Kaydı

Özet

Teknolojik yenilikler çağdaş üniversitelerde önemli bir rol oynar. Teknolojik yeniliklerin artan önemi karşısında yeniliğe uyumu etkileyen etkenleri ortaya koymayı amaçlayan çeşitli teoriler ve modeller geliştirilmektedir. Bunlar arasında “Rogers'ın Yeniliğin Yayılması Teorisi” bilgi sistemleri uygulaması araştırmalarında yaygın olarak kabul gören bir teoridir. Bu araştırma Eğitim Fakültesi öğrencilerinin internetten ders kaydına uyum kararını etkileyen etkenlerin Rogers'ın Yeniliğin Yayılması Teorisi temel alınarak incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan 241 sınıf öğretmenliği öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Modeller Maksimum Olabilirlik Yaklaşımı kullanılarak LISREL 8.3 programı ile test edilmiştir. Uygunluk istatistikleri, yeniliğin yayılması modellerinin veriler ile uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, her iki modelde de internetten ders kaydı yaptırmanın göreli avantajı, görülebilirliği ve uygunluğunun tutuma etkisinin pozitif ve anlamlı, karmaşıklığın etkisinin ise negatif ve anlamlı olduğu görülmektedir. Yeniliğe açıklık ve yardım almanın yeniliğine uyum kararlarına etkisi pozitif ve anlamlıdır. Öğrencilerin internetten ders kaydı yaptırmaya tutumlarının ise, öğrencilerin yeniliğine uyum kararlarına etkisi birinci modelde anlamlı değilken, tutumun yeniliğe etkisini de içeren ikinci modelde anlamlıdır.

Abstract

Technological innovations play an important role in modern higher education. In response to growing importance of technological innovations, different aspects of adoption to innovation have been studied intensively. Rogers' theory of the diffusion of innovations is one of the most researched and dominant model in the study of innovation adoption behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence students' intention to use online registration such as attitude, innovativeness and social support based on Rogers' theory of the diffusion of innovations. Data were collected from 241 undergraduate students at Trakya University Education Faculty. Models were tested using LISREL 8.3 with maximum likelihood estimation. Overall, the fit statistics indicate that models provide an adequate fit to the data. According to result of the study, relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, and observability of online registration had positive and a significant effect on attitude, complexity had a negative significant effect. While innovativeness and social support had a significant effect on adoptive intention with exception of the attitude in the former model, the results of the second model demonstrated that attitudes have a significant effect on intentions, by influencing innovativeness. Summary Technological innovations play an important role in modern higher education. In response to growing importance of technological innovations, adoption behavior has been studied intensively. These research efforts have examined different aspects of adoption to innovation using a variety of theoretical perspectives. Rogers' theory of the diffusion of innovations is one of the most researched and dominant model in the study innovation adoption behavior. Diffusion of innovation theory also provided a useful perspective about one of the most continuous and challenging issues to improve technology adoption and utilization (Park, 2004, Berger, 2005). Although the overall theory is rich and complex, its essence views the innovation adoption process as one of information gathering and uncertainty reduction (Agarwal, Ahuja, Carter ve Gans, 1998). According to Rogers (1995) an innovation is “an idea, practice or object that is perceived as new by an individual or another unit of adoption”. The newness of the innovation does not just involve new knowledge but also new ways to approach the perceived problem or need. The innovation is not necessarily new in its concept or design; however, it is new to the individual or organization utilizing it. (Berger, 2005). Diffusion is a special type of communication concerned with the spread of messages that are perceived as dealing with new ideas, and necessarily represent a certain degree of uncertainty to an individual or organization (Rogers, 1995). Rogers (1995) identified four element of diffusion: innovation, communication channels, time and the social systems. Innovation consists of five stages: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. The innovation-decision process is a slow process that happens over a period of time in a series of actions and decisions. The second element of the diffusion process, communication channel is essential in the diffusion and adoption of an innovation. Communication is the process that individuals use to create and share information to achieve a mutual understanding. The third element of the diffusion process is time. The element of time refers to the process of adopting an innovation and the rate of adoption. There are many different types of innovations and, as a result, they are not equivalent in their adoption rate by potential users. The rate of adoption is the speed that a social system's members adopt an innovation. Innovations have five characteristics that help to explain the speed that individuals adopt a new idea. These characteristics are relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. Innovations that are perceived by individuals as having greater relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, observability, and less complexity will be adopted more rapidly than other innovations. The fourth element of the diffusion process is the social system or "a set of interrelated units that are engaged in joint problem-solving to accomplish a common goal". While there are differences among individual rates of adoption, there are also differences between the rates of adoption for the same innovation within social systems. Rogers (1995) categorized adopters into five categories of a social system based on their degree of innovativeness: innovators, early adopters, early majority adopters, late majority adopters, and laggards. Each category contains dominant characteristics that help to set each apart from the next. These characteristics are intended for theoretical formulation of the adoption or rejection of an innovation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence students' intention to use online registration based on Rogers' Diffusion Theory. Data were collected from 241 students in an undergraduate programs at Trakya University Education Faculty. 33.6% of subjects were first year students, 34.4% second year students, and 32% third year students. In this research study, innovation diffusion theory is empirically tested via a questionnaire to create new models that depict the determinants of the adoption of online registration. According to model, relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability will have a significant direct effect on attitude, and attitude, innovativeness and social support will have a significant direct effect on adoptive intention. Research questionnaire was developed based on the review of related research. Each item was based on Likert-type 7-point scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”. Internal consistency was measured by using Cronbach Alpha

Anahtar kelimeler: yeniliğin yayılması , yeniliğe uyum kararı , yeniliğe uyum davranış