AHMED B. İBRÂHÎM ES-SERÛCÎ VE TUHFETU’L-ASHÂB VE NUZHETU ZEVÎL-ELBÂB ADLI ESERİ

Ahmad b. Ibrâhîm es-Serûcî and His Work Titled Tuhfetu’l-Ashâb and Nuzhetu Zevîl-Elbâb

Özet

Serûc’da doğan Aḥmed b. İbrâhîm es-Serûcî (ö. 710/1310), küçük yaşlarda Şam’a oradan da Mısır’a göç etmiş ve burada yaşamını sürdürmüştür. VII/XIII yüzyılın ikinci çeyreği ile VIII/XIV. yüzyılın başları arasında Bahrî Memlükler döneminde yaşamıştır. Bu dönemde ilmî faaliyetler ve ilimle meşgul olanlar her zaman teşvik edilmiş ve âlimler toplumda önemli görevlere getirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda es-Serûcî de dönemin ilim merkezi olan Mısır’daki medreselerde ve camilerde devrin önemli âlimlerinden ders alarak yetişmiş ve burada birçok talebe yetiştirmiştir. Ayrıca kadılık vazifesinden dolayı bir süre dönemin siyaseti içerisinde aktif bir rol oynamıştır. Hususiyetle dinî ilimlerdeki bilgisiyle öne çıkan âlim, bu alanda telif ettiği ve el-Ġâye adını verdiği eserle gerek kendi devrinde gerekse kendinden sonraki asırlarda adından çokça söz ettirmiştir. Hanefi fıkhına dair kaleme alınan el-Hidâye üzerine yazılan bu eser, ilk mufassal Hidâye şerhi olması hasebiyle de önemlidir. Devrin önde gelen âlimlerinden aklî ve naklî ilimleri öğrenen müellif, bu ilimlerin yanı sıra Arap dili ve edebiyatı alanında da derin bilgi sahibidir. Hocalığı ve kadılığı gibi meziyetlerinin yanısıra müellifin Arap edebiyatına olan ilgisinin en güzel örneği de hiç şüphesiz bu alana dair yazmış olduğu ve tespit edilen tek eseri Tuḥfetu’l-Aṣḥâb ve Nuzhetu Ẕevi’l-Elbâb’dır. Çok sayıda kaynağın toplanılmasıyla telif edilen bu çalışmada ayet, hadis ve şiirlerden getirilen şevâhidlerle birlikte klasik nesir ve nazım geleneğine ait birçok türe yer verilmiştir. Bu eser, Arap dili ve edebiyatının yanı sıra dinî ilimlerle birlikte tarih, edebiyat tarihi, tıp, sosyoloji ve coğrafya gibi muhtelif alanlara dair bilgiler de içermektedir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak müellifin hayatı ve eserleri hakkında bilgi verilecek akabinde şimdiye kadar bilim dünyasında hakkında hiçbir çalışma yapılmamış olan Tuḥfetu’l-Aṣḥâb ve Nuzhetu Ẕevi’l-Elbâb adlı yazma halindeki eseri müellife aidiyet, yazma eser nüshaları, telif sebebi, muhteva, yararlanılan kaynaklar ve metod gibi açılardan incelenecektir.

Abstract

AbstractAhmed b. İbrâhîm es-Serûcî (ö. 710/1310) born in Serûc, emigrated to Damascus at a young age from there to Egypt and lived there. The scholar who lived from the second quarter of the VII/XIII century to the beginng of the VIII/XIV century lived in the period of Bahri Mamluks. In this period, scientific activities and those engaged in science had always been encouraged and scholars had been assigned important duties in society. In this context, es-Serûcî was educated in the madrasahs and mosques of Egypt which was the science center of the period, by taking lessons from the important scholars of the time and educating many students here. In addition, due to his duty as a judge, he played an active role for a while in the politics of the period.Standing out especially with his knowledge in religious sciences, the scholar made a name for himself in his period and in the following centuries with the work he wrote in this field and named as al-Ğâye. This work written on al-Hidâye which is about the Hanafi jurisprudence, is also important because it is the first commentary on el- Hidâye. Learning the religious and scientific sciences from the leading scholars of the period, the author had a deep knowledge in the field of Arabic language and literature as well as these sciences. In addition to his virtues such as teacher and judge duty, the best example of the author's interest in Arabic literature is undoubtedly Tuhfetu'l-Ashâb ve Nuzhetu Zevi'l-Elbâb. In this work written by the author collecting a large number of sources, besides of examples from verses, hadith, and poems many genres of classical poetry and prose are included. In addition to the Arabic language and literature, this manuscript contains informations on different field such as history, literary history, medicine, sociology and geography as well as religious sciences. In this study, firstly the life and works of the author will be given and then the manuscript titled Tuḥfetu’l-Ashâb ve Nuzhetu Zevi’l-Elbâb which have not been studied in the scientific world before, will be examined in terms of belonging to the author, copies of manuscripts, reason for copyright, content, utilized resources and method.Structured AbstractMamluks period (648/1250-923/1517) has an important place in Arab cultural history. In addition to their political authorities, Mamluk rulers and statesmen have built scientific institutions such as madrasahs, mosques, masjids and lodges, zaviya, hangah and they not only protected the scientists but also encouraged the society to science and art by participating in the educational circles and scientific assemblies in these institutions.es-Serûcî, who lived in Damascus for the first years of his 73-year life and the rest in Egypt during the time of Bahrî Mamluks, was interested in science during the Bahrî Mamluks period and was brought to important positions in the society. He grew up by taking lessons from important scholars of the period in madrasahs and mosques in Egypt which was the center of science of his time and taught many students. And also, the scholar who was promoted to the authority of Ḳâḍi'l-Ḳuḍât played an active role in the politics of this period for a while. In addition to all this, another important point here is that as a scholar who knows the subtleties of the Arabic language, he has a sufficient knowledge in literature as well as religious sciences such as fiqh, hadith and Qur'an.Each of the sources providing information about Ebu’l-Abbâs es-Serûcî’s morality praised him by mentioning his superior qualities. es-Serûcî, whose place in the science is accepted and appreciated by everyone, has a personality equipped with the characteristics of the scholars. This person, who is one of the leading and mentioned scholars of the period, is characterized by virtuous, imposing, supreme volunteer, piety, dignified, fair, brave, chaste, tolerant, straightforward, trustworthy and friendly.In addition to religious sciences, one of the distinguished personalities who stand out with his knowledge in various branches of science, such as language and literature, the researcher's personality and the effort to go to primary sources are of great importance in this experience. It is also an indication that he had an endless curiosity towards science by writing a letter about tefsir and asking the Andalusian scholar Abu Hayyân.The author's extensive knowledge of literature on topics such as Islamic sciences, linguistics and Arabic literature, medicine, botany, natural science, neseb and his ability to skillfuly gather different topics and bringing them together, explain the reason for the richness of the subject in his book Tuhfetu’l- Ashâb ve Nuzhetu Zevi’l-Elbâb.The mentioned manuscript which has ten copies have been identified in eight different libraries, incomplete and complete, has a great importance in terms of shedding light on the ancient Arab history, language, literature and culture from the pre-Ignorant period to the VIII./XIV. century when the author passed away. In this context, in order to explain the subject in the best way, to impress and persuade the reader, the author firstly brought witnesses especially in verses and hadiths in every section and the words of scientists and scholars who had proven their genius in their fields and their poems and then competed it by bringing evidences from the most beautiful and rich types of classical Arabic language and literature which formed the foundations of modern literature such as poems, aphorisms, proverbs, ahbâr, eyyâmu’l-arab and menkıbe which were spoken from pre-Ignorance to their own times.It is also very important that the author explains the reason for writing it in the introduction of the work. Wishing that his work should be accepted as a good work in the sight of Allah and his mistakes should be corrected, the author asked the readers who examined this work to cover his mistakes and pray well to the person who ended the book with a good

Anahtar kelimeler: es-Serûcî, Tuhfetu’l-Ashâb, Arap edebiyatı, Edebiyat Tarihi, Yazma Eser