Adenocarcinoma in a Tailgut Cyst: A Rare Case Report

Abstract

Developmental cysts are the most common retrorectal area cysts observed in adults. Tailgut cysts tend to be multicystic, and their lining epitheliummay display the characteristics of columnar, musin-secreting columnar, ciliated, transitional or squamous epithelia. While the large majority ofcysts tend to be benign, several malignant cases have been reported, with adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors constituting the more commontypes of malignant tailgut cysts. A 55-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with complaints of swelling in the gluteal region. Followingmorphological, histomorphological and immunohistochemical evaluations, a diagnosis of a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma arisingfrom a tailgut cyst was made. Tailgut cysts are infrequent diseases but adenocarcinoma arising from a tailgut cyst is extremely rare. In rare cases,developmental cysts may undergo malignant transformation that warrants an accurate morphological and histomorphological assessment, aswell as numerous samplings, for an accurate diagnosis.