Milliyetçilik ve Çokkültürlülük Denkleminde Avrupa Üzerine Sosyolojik Bir Analiz

Abstract

The acceleration of the world in the social and political arena with the effect of globalization has caused significant changes in identity and cultural diversity approaches in recent years. The approaches presented for the peaceful survival of differences have brought the use of different conceptualizations. One of these different concepts is the concept of "multiculturalism". Multiculturalism means the political and public recognition of all social and individual differences that exist in a society. These differences include ethnicity, religion, language and cultural elements, and multiculturalism is the product of a recognition policy that aims to accommodate these differences in a society. The rights granted with the idea of keeping the differences together caused various problems to be experienced. Multiculturalism blurred the basic symbols of nationstates and was perceived as a threat to nationalism and national identity. The aim of this study, which sheds light on the multiculturalism policies of Europe in a compilation manner; Examining the transition phases of Europe from nationalism and nation-state building to multiculturalism policies, and ultimately, the rise of nationalism thought, increasing migration movements, European Union's expansion policies, unemployment, racism, xenophobia, sharing of welfare and security anxiety, these policies are both in the political arena and and to reveal how it eroded in social memory. It points to the final finding of this study that Europe is in a process of collapse in the context of multiculturalism when taken in a holistic framework.