The comparison of the effects of intraarticular injections of bovine amniotic fluid and hyaluronic acid on cartilage tissue in an experimental osteoarthritic rabbit model: histopathological and immunohistochemical results

Abstract

In this experimental study, effects of bovine amniotic fluid and hyaluronic acid were compared on an osteoarthritic modelinduced in rabbit stifle joints. The study was performed on 21 rabbits undergoing anterior cruciate ligament transaction for establishingosteoarthritis. Four weeks later, the rabbits were divided into 3 equal groups of 7 animals each. The first group of rabbits receivedintraarticular injection of 0.5 mL of bovine amniotic fluid (BAF) three times at 1-week intervals. The second group of rabbits receivedintraarticular injection of 0.5 mL of hyaluronic acid (HA) three times at 1-week intervals. The third group of rabbits served as a controlwith no application. Articular surfaces of the femur and tibia were evaluated using the Mankin scoring system for histopathologicalcartilage examination and were evaluated for immunohistochemical examination by using caspase-3, caspase-8, and MMP-13. Allstatistical results showed that there were highly significant differences between the control group and the other groups. On the otherhand, there was no significant difference between the BAF and HA groups (P < 0.01). It was concluded that the use of BAF, which is aninert fluid rich in growth factors, had protective effects against degenerative cartilage changes in an experimental rabbit model and canbe an alternative agent in cartilage protective therapy.