Influence of rearing conditions and birth season on calf welfare in the first month of life

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of farm conditions and season of birth on body mass, respiratory systemdiseases and diarrhea occurrence, and mortality during the first month of calves’ life. The study was conducted on two tie-stall–systemfarms with intensive milk production and similar nutrition of dairy cows, but with differences in rearing conditions of calves in the firstweek of life. The calves were tied on lying area with straw as bedding material (farm A) or free in individual boxes with straw bedding(farm B). In the first consumption, they take 1–2 L of colostrum produced by their mother or by another cow (farm A), or 2.5–3 L ofcolostrum produced by their mother or by another cow or frozen colostrum (farm B). According to the results, average body mass ofcalves was significantly higher on farm B than of those on farm A at all ages (on birth, at 8 days, and 30 days). Mortality rate and diarrheaoccurrence in calves were higher on farm B, while respiratory system diseases incidence was higher on farm A. All observed welfareindicators were very significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by farm conditions and birth season.