Atomic-shaped efficient delay and data gathering routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

Abstract

High end-to-end delay is a major challenge in autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-aided routing protocolsfor underwater monitoring applications. In this paper, a new routing protocol called atomic-shaped efficient delay anddata gathering (ASEDG) has been introduced for underwater wireless sensor networks. The ASEDG is divided into twophases; in the first phase, the atomic-shaped trajectory model with horizontal and vertical ellipticals was designed forthe movement of the AUV. In the second phase, two types of delay models were considered to make our protocol moredelay efficient: member nodes (MNs) to MNs and MNs to gateway nodes (GNs). The MNs-to-MNs delay in the networkspecifies how long is required for the selection of the next possible forwarders by eliminating the chances of backtrackingand a higher number of association links. The MNs-to-GNs delay is considered to choose the path from a multipathenvironment that takes a minimum amount of time for sending the packet from its generation to destination node. Forefficient data gathering, this new trajectory model creates the maximum possible GNs for the association of the MNs.Furthermore, our protocol, ASEDG, has been evaluated by using the aquasim network simulator (NS-2), and its resultswere compared with the already existing protocol, an efficient data gathering (AEDG) routing protocol. The simulationresults show that the ASEDG performed better than the AEDG in terms of end-to-end delay and throughput.