A smart wireless sensor network node for fire detection

Abstract

Fires generally occur due to human carelessness and the change in environmental conditions. The uncontrolledfire results in death incidents of humans and animals as well as severe threats to the ecosystem. The preservation ofthe natural environment is important. The wireless sensor networks, widely used in different monitoring applications,is used in this work. For fire detection, we use flame, smoke, temperature, humidity, and light intensity sensors inour proposed network node which is low-cost, reduced-size, and power-efficient. The experiments are performed in awell-controlled real-time environment. The proposed node transmits the sensed data to the central node. The centralnode then transfers the data gathered from all the nodes to the control station using an air interface. To decide whetherthere is an incident of fire or not, and to have an idea on fire intensity, we combine multiple attributes sensed from asingle node using Bayesian approach due to its simplicity and resemblance with human reasoning. In the experimentalsetup, the conditions for fire with different intensity are generated and the results confirm the validity of the proposedapproach in terms of accuracy and less false alarms.