Robust compressed domain watermarking algorithm for video protection and authentication in noisy channels

Abstract

This paper introduces a robust and noise-resilient compressed domain video watermarking technique fordata authentication and copyright protection. In recent years, watermarking has emerged as an essential technique tobe equipped with data transmission. The main challenge pertaining to transmission is to protect the watermark fromnoise introduced by the channel. Here, we address this issue by watermark replication and by using the independent passcoding (INPAC) algorithm for compression. A replicated watermark is embedded into the video by the proposed blindvideo watermarking algorithm and then the watermarked video is compressed by the INPAC algorithm. The compressedvideo is transmitted through binary symmetric channels and tested under various bit error rates to evaluate the proposedalgorithm in noisy environments. The results obtained suggest that the proposed algorithm is capable of handling noiseefficiently and the overhead due to key embedding is observed to be only about 3%.