Hybrid performance and heterosis in F 1 ofspring of triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.)

Abstract

In this study, the combined ability efects and heterosis were determined for number of days to anthesis (AT), plant height(PH), fertile tillers plant 1 (FT), spike length (SL), spikelets spike 1 (SS) and grains spike 1 (GS), 1000-kernel weight (TW), and grainyield plant 1 (GY) of 4 triticale genotypes [Karma (G1), Presto (G2), Ayşehanım (G3), and Mehmetbey (G4)] and their 6 F 1 ofspring.Te mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specifc combining ability (SCA) were statistically signifcant for all traits.According to the GCA/SCA, additive gene efects were found for all traits. According to the desired values for traits on the basis of GCAand SCA, parents G1 were good general combiners for 3 traits, G3 for 6, and G4 for 6. Crosses G1 × G2 were good specifc combinersfor 3 traits, G1 × G3 for 3, G1 × G4 for 3, G2 × G3 for 5, G2 × G4 for 6, and G3 × G4 for 4. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis were 16.78%and 25.71% for AT, 1.66% and 11.02% for PH, 34.25% and 9.87% for FT, 14.62% and 11.44% for SL, 8.09% and 3.87% for SS, 4.57%and 0.91% for GS, 9.67% and 6.13% for TW, and 30.36% and 9.11% for GY, respectively. Te results revealed that G2 × G3 and G2 × G4combinations could be recommended for improved yield of triticale.