Evaluation of disease intensity and molecular identification of Zymoseptoria tritici causing Septoria leaf blotch on wheat in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most important crops in Turkey. Production of this crop is constrained by the disease Septorialeaf blotch, which is a major bottleneck in wheat production in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. In this study,260 different wheat fields were surveyed for the estimation of prevalence and severity of Septoria leaf blotch. Out of 100%of the total wheat crop fields, 58.91% were infected with this disease. The mean value of Septoria leaf blotch virulence was11.62%. Out of 142 diseased wheat crop samples, 74 isolates were used for the pathogenicity test. Forty-seven isolates fromAdana, 3 isolates from Mersin, 3 isolates from Osmaniye, 14 isolates from Hatay, and 7 isolates from Kahramanmaraşprovinces were cultured on PDA plates. The cause of disease agent was identified based on microscopic observation ofmorphological structure and molecular analysis methods. Consequently, total 15 virulent isolates, 3 isolates from eachprovince were sequenced for 5′ and 3′ ends of ITS of rDNA and nBLAST of the ITS sequences revealed that Zymoseptoriatritici was the agent of Septoria leaf blotch. The highest disease prevalence (87.99%) was recorded at Adana and followedby Osmaniye with 87.44%, Kahramanmaraş (43.59%), Mersin (42.68%), and Hatay (26.03%).