Molla Hüsrev'in astronomisi üzerine bazı gözlemler: Risale fi muşkilat el-meşhüre fi ilm el-hey'e

Some remarks on mulla khusraw's astronomy: Risala fi al-mushkilat al-mashura fi ilm al-haya [A treatise on the unsolved problems of astronomy]

Özet

Bu çalışmada, Molla Hüsrev'in (öl. 885/1480), Kutbuddin Şirâzî'nin, Nihâyet el-idrâk fi dirayet el-eflâk'ımn onuncu babının bir yorumu olan astronomi sahasındaki Risale fi müşkilât el-meşhûre fi ilm el-hey'e adlı eseri incelenecek, tarihî anlamı ve değeri üzerinde durulacak; XV. yüzyılda, Anadolu - İran - Türkistan ortak kültür havzasında nazarî hikmet çerçevesinde ilmî kozmoloji-astronomi'yi üreten bilginler ile tahsilini alan insanların paylaştığı müşterek Evren tasavvurunun içeriği tahlil edilecektir.

Abstract

Beginning from the second half of XIII.th century, in the area of Anatolia-Iran-Turkestan of Islamic geography, due to education-research institutions (mad-rasas in the lead), a harmony between philosophical-scientific knowledge and religious knowledge was created and this knowledge was socialized. At the end of this process, a similarity occurred in the concept of knowledge between scholars and educated people in Islamic world and in the given area, for the first time in history a philosophical-scientific society was created, in which the concepts of knowledge for scholars and educated people are mostly similar. A typical example of this fact is the science of cosmology-astronomy. In this period, scientific cosmology-astronomy produced by al-hikma al-nazariyya constituted the concept of astronomy-cosmology for an average educated person. In other words, there was a scientific concept of cosmology-astronomy, shared by scholars who produced this astronomy and people who learned it and people was building their conception of universe according to this pattern/patterns. In this paper, I will examine Mullâ Khusravv's (d. 885/1480) Astronomy: Risala ft l-mushkilât al-mashhüra ft ilm al-hay'a as an example. Rather than focusing on the technical side of the Risala which is in fact a commentary on Qutb al-Drn al-ShrrâzI's Nihâyat al-idrâk ft dirâyat al-aflâk (a work which is common in Mullâ Fanân's circle), I will look at the historical value and meaning of its tradition in the lineage of Ibn Haytham - Shams al-Din al-Kharaql - Mahmud al-Chaghmlnr - Muayy al-Din al-Urdi - Naşir al-Din al-Tusî - Qutb al-Din al-Shlrazr - Abd al-Vajid al-Kutâhr - Qadizade al-Bursawr - Ali al-Qushjr. I will also examine the content of scientific mentality in Samarqand Mathematic-Ast-ronomy School. For the last, I will discuss its place, importance and relationships in the context of "The First Environment of Philosophy and Science in Istanbul" which made its existence possible.