Budget Deficit and Quality of Governance Nexus: A Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis for BRICS-T

Abstract

This study aims to analyze empirically the nexus among budget deficits and governance quality (democratic quality and technical quality) in the context of special group of developing countries BRICS-T countries Brazil, India, China, South Africa, Russia and Turkey) fort he period 1996-2020. In the study, Kónya's (2006) Bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis, which is the second generation panel causality test, was used as a method. Findings obtained by using Bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis;A one-way causality relationship from budget deficit to democratic quality for Russia and Turkey; It reveals a one-way causality relationship from democratic quality to budget deficit for Brazil. On the other hand, one-way causality from budget deficit to technical quality for Brazil and South Africa; one-way causality relationship from technical quality to budget deficit for Russia; for Turkey, on the other hand, a bidirectional causality relationship has been determined. In China and India, however, no causal relationship was observed between the budget deficit and the quality of management (democratic quality and technical quality).