Çağdaş İstanbul Mimarlığı' nda post modernizm' in rasyonel temeli

Özet

Mimarlıkta Rasyonalizm, 20. yüzyıl Batı mimarisi içinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Türkiye’de de, özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ağırlıklı olarak benimsenen akım olmuştur. 1960’lı yıllarda, Batı toplumlarında, artan özgürlük ve çok seslilik ortamı ile ortaya çıkan çoğulcu anlayış, mimarlığa da yansımıştır. Artık belli üsluplar yerine, birçok üslubun bir arada kullanılması söz konusudur. 1960 sonrası ortam, Türkiye’deki, mimarları yeni arayışlara yöneltmiştir. Bu arayışlardan biri, Post-Modernizm’dir. İstanbul’dan seçilen Post-Modern örnekler incelenmiştir. Bu incelemenin sonucunda, yapılara giydirilen Post-Modern özellikler çıkarıldığında, rasyonel özelliklerin hâkim olduğu görülmüştür.

Abstract

The concept of Rationalism has been an important way of thinking during the Antique Period, Renaissance and the Enlighment Period. The Rationalism in architecture has great importance especially in the 20th Century Western architecture. It has also been one of the most preferred architectural trends in Turkey through the second half of the 20th Century. Pluralism in Western societies, which has occurred with increasing freedom, has also reflected in architecture of 1960’s. Here after, use of many styles instead of one certain style has become prevalent attitude in architectural field. The conditions of 1960s led Turkish architects find new ways in architecture. Many approaches from Western and Turkish architecture have found its practice area in Turkey. One of the most important approaches is Post-Modernism. It has been appeared in architectural agenda in 1960s.Post-Modern architectural designs have been produced widespread in Western architecture. Turkish architects also designed Post-Modern buildings by 1980s. In this context, the examples chosen from Istanbul have been examined. It has been analysed that the rational design features are dominant when the Post-Modernist details of these buildings are supposed to be non-existent. However, the economic and technical conditions of Turkey have made the rational designs almost obligatory. We can conclude that Rationalism has considerably influenced practices of Turkish architects.