İnsan- mekan iletişim modeli bağlamında konutta psiko-sosyal kalitenin irdelenmesi

Searching for the psycho-social quality of dwelling in the contex of human-environment communication model

Özet

Mimarlığın psikolojik ve sosyal yönleri, çevre-davranış bilimleri gibi disiplinlerarası bilimlerden yararlanmayı bir zorunluluk haline getirmiştir. Tasarımcı-kullanıcı arasındaki bilgi alışverişinin sağlanabileceği çeşitli platformlara daha fazla işlerlik kazandırmak gerekmektedir. Kullanım sonrası değerlendirme çalışmalarında, mimarların sorumluluğunun arttırılması, tasarlamanın gelişmesinde kullanıcı boyutunun algılanması açısından önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, mekân kalitesinin algılanmasında rol oynayan psiko-sosyal kalite değişkenlerini ortaya çıkaracak bazı davranışsal ve mekânsal ipuçları elde etmektir. Bu ipuçları, tasarlanan mekan ile algılanan mekan arasındaki farkı en aza indirmekte yardımcı olacaktır. İnsanla iletişim kurabilen mekanlarda, mekansal kaliteyi arayabilir ve sorgulayabiliriz. Mekanın insanla kurduğu iletişim sürecinin sonunda elde edilecek veriler, o mekanı tasarlayana kullanım bilgilerini ileterek geri besleyeceği gibi, konuta ait psiko-sosyal kalitenin de ipuçlarını verecektir. Ancak, mimarlık mesleğinin pratiğinde tasarımcı -kullanıcı iletişimi yeterince sağlanamamaktadır. Bu nedenle, mekanın psiko-sosyal kalite değişkenlerinin mekan-kullanıcı etkileşimi incelenerek belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Tasarımcı-kullanıcı iletişimini sağlayacak bir ”Mekan-Kullanıcı-Tasarımcı İletişim Döngüsü Modeli” kurgulanmıştır. Tasarımcının, kendi ürünlerinin kullanım sonrası değerlendirmesini, kurgulanan iletişim döngüsü modelini kullanarak yapması ve elde edeceği verileri sonraki yeni ürün tasarımında ve üretiminde kullanması önerilmektedir. Alan araştırmasının sonucunda, ”Mekan-Kullanıcı-Tasarımcı İletişim Döngüsü Modeli” nin işlerliğinin olduğu görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra, akademik araştırmaların ve mimari ürünlerin değerlendirilmesinden elde edilen deneyimlerden, uygulamacı mimarlar tarafından ne ölçüde yararlanıldığı da vurgulanmıştır.

Abstract

Psychological and social aspects of architecture have created the necessity of benefiting from multidisciplinary sciences such as environmental and behavioural sciences. From now on, architects must consider and evaluate the human factor suggested by social sciences in design and application. It is clear that empowerment of information exchange platforms between designer and user is a necessity. Increasing architect responsibility especially in post-occupancy evaluation studies will be useful to perceive the user dimension of the design. Life quality is related with the life styles of people. Harmony between life style and the space is important to get good results in the life time. The purpose of this study is to acquire some behavioural and spatial clues that will reveal psycho-social quality variables which affect the perception of space quality. These clues will help to reduce the number of differences between the space created by designer and the space perceived and utilized by the user. We can search and inquire the spatial quality at the spaces which can communicate with people. The data obtained from the communication between space and user, will give feedbacks to the designer and also the clues about psycho-social quality which belongs to the residence. For this reason, subject is to determine the parameters of psycho-social quality by studying the human-space interaction. In order to do that, “The Space-User-Designer Communication Model” was assembled. Additionally, residential satisfaction is being defined as one of the evaluation criteria for environmental quality. The communication between space and user, space and designer, user and designer affects the user satisfaction. Meanwhile, Fenemenology is the conceptual approach and transactional model is the methodological approach of this study. A case study was conducted for research of this dissertation. One of the purposes of the case study was to gain operability of the “Space – User - Designer Communication Model”. Another purpose was to obtain feedbacks from the users of the residences that were chosen as the sample and to share the same feedbacks with the architect of these residences. The Space – User - Designer Communication Model was tested to see if it was effective and useful or not. This case study had three phases and it was conducted with a survey, a meeting and an interview. At the first phase, a survey was done at the residences of Bahçeşehir suburb located at the north-west side of Küçükçekmece Lake and at the north side of the highway (TEM). 56 residences in this suburb and their users were taken as sample set. For the survey, the questionnaire was prepared to understand emotional influences between residences and users. At the second phase of the case study, a meeting was done with the architect who is the designer of those residences. The aim of this meeting was to evaluate the feedbacks that were obtained from the users, with the architect. Another aim was to investigate the awareness of the architect about space-user emotional influences between residence and users. At the third phase of the case study, the interview technique was used to obtain the definitions of the adjectives took place in the survey questionnaire. These adjectives were defined by the users as well as the architect. The aim of the interview was to obtain the differences between definitions. The conclusions were evaluated under two different sub topics. One of them was “Theoretical and Methodological Conclusions”. Under this topic, it is explained that it is possible to gain operability of “The Space-User-Designer Communication Model”. Another sub topic was “The Conclusions Towards the Applications”. The usage level of academic researches and experiences gained by architects who are studying at the field was emphasized. The architects would have the feedbacks obtained from Space- User-Designer Communication Model and also use these feedbacks at new residence designs. So the architect would have the psycho-social information that is obtained from Space-User-Designer Communication Model outputs. New residences will be more close to the psycho-social quality. It is concluded that the Cycle of Communication Model which was developed in this dissertation is effective and useful. This method is offered as a useful model for the architects to create their own vocational psycho- social database.