Marinaların kamusal kullanıma etkileri ve öneriler

Özet

Marinalar ve yat turizmi en hızlı gelişen, sosyal ve ekonomik getirisi yüksek turizm dallarının başında gelmektedir. Kıyıların kent ile ilişkisini incelemek mimarlıkta geniş bir araştırma alanıdır. Yalnızca coğrafi konumlarından dolayı değil, yarattıkları kültürel, sosyal, ekonomik potansiyel nedeniyle de kıyılar farklıdırlar. Marinalarda denizden karaya-karadan denize geçişi sağlayan, her iki yön için de belli başlı özellikleri barındırması gereken tesisler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu özelliklerin her iki tarafında; deniz ve kara; konfor, uyum, bağlantılar, çevre ilişkileri gibi şartlarını en elverişli şekilde sağlayabilmesi çok dikkatli ve geniş perspektifli bir tasarım çalışmasını gerektirmektedir. Günümüzde getirileri her geçen gün daha iyi kavranan marinaların sayısında ülkemizde gelecekte çok büyük bir artışın olacağı öngörülmektedir. Ancak marinaların nitelikleri gereği kamusal alanda yer almaları toplumun kıyıdan yararlanmasını kısıtlayan ve dolayısıyla bu olumlu gelecek perspektifini gölgeleyen bir durumu da yaratmaya adaydır. Böyle bir öngörüyle, bu çalışmanın temel amacı, söz konusu sakıncalı durumu tartışmak ve yeni marinaların tasarımına belirli ışık tutabilmek üzere bu problemin çözüm yollarını araştırmaktır. Bu araştırmalar yazılı kaynakların incelenmesi ve konuyla ilgili Türkiye’deki yetkili kişiler ve mevcut marinaların yöneticileri ile görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesi ile oluşturulmaktadır. Bu değerlendirilmelerin sonucunda yeni yapılması düşünülen marinaların kıyı bandını kamusal alan olarak kullanmaya imkân verecek şekilde, kıyı hattını bölen tesislerinin daha iç bölgelerde planlayabilecekleri ve kıyıyı kamuya sosyal tesisler ile birlikte sunarak marina içinde ticari getirileri oluşturulabileceği önerilmektedir.

Abstract

Marinas are regarded as a mid point for people to set out to sea as far as their location and functions are considered. However, they are at that point expected to offer public service and act as a bridge for the whole society to reach out to sea. A significant increase in the number of marinas is expected to take place in our country as their advantages and benefits are better realized each and every day. However, the location of marinas on the coasts, which are also public areas, as required by their nature, prevent the society from using the sea to some extent and it is highly likely that such increase will shadow this positive future perspective. The reaction of the society, which is getting more sensitive to the environment every day, towards the construction of new marinas represents a clear sign of concrete and current truth where this unfavorable situation is no longer, creates anticipation. Nevertheless, the remedies for this significant problem seem somehow to be lacking. As such, the primary aim of this thesis is to suggest some ways to solve the problem of public use in coastal areas regarding the construction of a several marinas which is expected to be soon on the agenda in Turkey. For this purpose we study in this thesis the points that should be paid attention at designing new marinas in order to turn them into social facilities beyond the satisfaction of standard requirements and to make the relation of the neighboring community with the sea much easier. Marinas which are only used as locations for those boat owners who want to get their boats until today are now intended to be designed as locations which attract the people who love sea and want to set out to sea because marinas are built on coasts-public spaces. They are tried to be made lively and growing areas which have a positive affect on/from its surrounding. The infrastructure, superstructure and legal adjustments are not adequate for the rapidly developing yacht tourism and they become as a handicap for new marinas. The yacht/marina business has been popular because the investment period is short and the marina investments which would provide the same number of beds as hotel investments are 60% cheaper. As places of operational activity, marinas are not fixed and they address to an elite society and only a small number of staff is required. However, the rapid development is not maintained in a positive way due to the problems of infrastructure, transportation, qualified personnel, competitive requirements and legal adjustments. The success in marina business is depended on its organization as a service sector, which is in direct connection to the features of the setting of service as well as the quality of service. Therefore, it shall be necessary to increase the facilities of the existing marinas and build new marinas. To attach primary importance to the spatial qualities of the marinas as well as the clients’ expectations and satisfaction during the planning and construction stage and operators should be kept the service quality at the highest level. All kinds of settlements causing damage to the shores should be prevented. In addition to this, the settlements integrating with the shore and open area adjustments for public; like marinas; should be introduced. The general planning principles of the existing marinas in Turkey are very similar to each other. Marinas in Turkey prevent people to use the coast as a public space as it has explained in laws. As we have already seen in the examples tried abroad or in recent examples designed and built in our country, different alternatives of these settlement forms which satisfy the needs of the surrounding community are also of crucial important. A plan can be developed and offered to the marina users and designers where the shore is the property of public and left to the public. Moreover this plan should present the facilities required to be in the sea so that there is minimum area of occupation on the shore and shore area is left to the public. The areas which are usable for the whole community can be designed on such locations. By the means of this planning strategy public facilities which require to be on land can be planned a bit out of shoreline and open areas can be created for the use of public. Thus the facilities can be designed in a way to be more interesting and to encourage the community open to the sea.