Voltage mode universal biquadratic filter using FTFN and OTA

Abstract

A single input and five outputs voltage mode universal biquadratic filter using two four terminal floating nullor (FTFNs), two operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), four resistors and two grounded capacitors is presented. The circuit is capable of realizing the entire standard filters viz-low pass, high pass, band pass notch and all pass simultaneously. The circuit offers the advantageous feature of having high input impedance and the use of grounded capacitors makes the circuit suitable for cascading of higher order filter. The filter performance parameter resonance frequency ω 0 and quality factor Q can be control orthogonally.