LC-MS/MS analyses of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. from Turkey: Antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial and, anticancer activities

Abstract

Background and Aims: Ziziphora clinopodioides is one of the wild edible species used in Turkish folk medicine. The studywas aimed to investigate the phenolic compounds of the extracts as well as the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobialactivities, and anticancer potential.Methods: LC-MS/MS was used to determine phenolic compounds; antioxidant potential was evaluated by using radical scavenging assays; enzyme inhibition assays were used for anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, and urease activities; antimicrobialactivities were performed by microdilution method; and XTT bioassay was used for testing anticancer potential.Results: The LC-MS/MS results indicate that quinic acid (9020.51±73.97 µg/g; 14721.04±120.71 µg/g, respectively) is themajor compound, malic acid (1972.95±22.29 µg/g; 2179.04±24.62 µg/g, respectively) and rhoifolin (1044.74±98.31 µg/g;3593.31±338.13µg/g, respectively) are the abundant compounds in aerial and root extracts. The antioxidant activity resultsshowed that the aerial parts extract has stronger ABTS cation radical and DPPH free radical scavenging activity than theroot extract with 40.90±0.19 µg/mL, and 94.27±0.64 µg/mL $IC_{50}$ values, respectively. The extracts showed moderate cupricreducing activity with 1.74 absorbance value at 100 µg/mL. Only the aerial parts extract exhibited weak tyrosinase inhibition(8.60±0.87%) compared with kojic acid (95.26±0.23%) at 200 µg/mL. No activity was observed in urease and anticholinesterase enzymes. Both extracts exhibited moderate antifungal activity against Candida tropicalis with 39.06 µg/mL MIC values.The extracts didn’t show cytotoxic activity against Renal (A498, UO-31) and Colo (COLO205, KM12) cell lines, also there is nometastatic potential of the extracts against osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63.3, MG63).Conclusion: Z. clinopodioides has rich phytochemical constituents with powerful health benefits, and doesn’t have any harmful effect on the body.