A BRAMATHERIUM SKULL (GIRAFFIDAE, MAMMALIA) FROM THE LATE MIOCENE OF KAVAKDERE (CENTRAL TURKEY). BIOGEOGRAPHIC AND PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

A sub-adult skull from the Late Miocene of Kavakdere, desciribed and referred to the Indian genus Bramatherium. increases the similarity between the Indian sub-continent and the Greco-Iranian province. The contents and subdivisions of the subfamily Sivatheriinae are reviewed, with 2 main groups being recognized, based upon the homologies and position of horns. They are perhaps both of western European origin.