Determination of Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities ofNaturally Growing Chenopodium album subsp. iranicum Aellen

Abstract

Chenopodium album has been used as folk medicine and nutrition for years by localpeople. This study aimed to investigate the phenolic compounds by Reversed Phase-High PerformanceLiquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (RP-HPLC-DAD), total phenolic content (TPC), andbiological activities of the plant extracts prepared with three solvents (methanol, acetonitrile, and water)for the first time. Also, the chemical composition of essential oil and mineral content of the plant weredetermined by Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), respectively. The extracts of the plant were analyzed for thein vitro inhibitory activities against carbonic anhydrase (CA) and urease enzymes. The most abundantcompound in methanol extract was catechin (157.666 mg $L^{-1}$ ). Moreover, depending on the solvent usedin the extracts, varied levels of phenolic acids such as gallic, protocatechuic, p-OH benzoic, ferulic, andsyringic acids were identified. Thirty-four components were identified and methyl linolenate was foundto be the main constituents of the essential oil (11.28 %). The methanol extract of the plant exhibited the best antioxidant value given as TPC 65.41±5.20 µg $L^{-1}$ GAE, FRAP 113.54±1.57 µM TEAC,DPPH• 191.1±3.55 µg $L^{-1}$ $SC_50$, and ABTS•+ 74.7±1.55 µg $L^{-1}$ $SC_50$, respectively. According to themineral analyses, it was conducted that potassium and sodium were the most abundant minerals. Theextracts were found as inactive against CA and showed a moderate urease inhibition effect ($IC_50$:28.380±0.742 mg $L^{-1}$ ). The obtained results indicated that the plant extract could be used as an easilyavailable natural antioxidants source for the food and pharmaceutical industry.