Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) and PD-1 Ligand (PD-L1) Expression in Chronic Apical Periodontitis

Ana Paula CAMPANELLI, Ronan Jacques Rezende DELGADO, Claudia Ramos PINHEIRO, Thaís Helena GASPAROTO, Carla Renata SIPERT, Ivaldo Gomes de MORAES, Roberto Brandão GARCIA, Clóvis Monteiro BRAMANTE, Norberti BERNARDINELI, Celso Kenji NISHIYAMA, João Santana da SILVA, Sérgio Aparecido TORRES, Gustavo Po

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death lig-and 1 (PD-L1) expression on leukocytes from chronic apical periodontitis, and to determine the levels of cytokines in the apical periodontitis lesions.Methods: Leukocytes from healthy gingival tissue (n=16) and chronic apical periodontitis (n=10) were eval-uated using flow cytometry. The PD-1 and PDL-1 expressions were evaluated using flow cytometry. The cy-tokine levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The statistical significance level was set at P