Role of Gut Microbiota in Pathogenesis and Treatment ofType 2 Diabetes

Abstract

In developing countries, Type-2 Diabetes mellitus accounts for 80% of premature mortality. T2DM is characterized by acombination of low production of pancreatic beta cell insulin and peripheral resistance to insulin. The gut microbiota iswell known for its function in human health preservation. Altering the composition of the microbiota affects the hostreaction to the metabolism of lipids, glucose and carbohydrates. Alteration in gut microbiota composition is associatedwith T2DM through diminished beneficial effects of short chain fatty acids. There have been reports that suggest theeffect of antidiabetics occurs through gut modulation. Modern probiotics have been developed, and the mechanismsunderlying their beneficial effects on T2DM have been elucidated. By restoring intestinal functional integrity and re versing gut dysbiosis, manipulating the gut microbiota may be advantageous in T2DM. Human intestinal microbiotais thought to be a possible source of novel therapies for metabolic disorders like T2DM. This treatment is completelysafe, reliable, and has no side effects and also it is also very easy to obtain. More evidence from human trials is neededto validate the beneficial effects of probiotics.