Serum Soluble Programme Death-1 and Programme Death- Ligand 1 Identify Multiple Myeloma Patients: Serum sPDL-1 May Be a Prognostic Marker

Abstract

Objectives: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that still remains incurable. Programmed celldeath(PD)-1 and programmed cell death ligand (PDL-1) pathway are immune checkpoint molecules. They play a role inthe immune escape of tumor cells.Methods: We measured serum soluble PD-1(sPD-1) and soluble PDL-1 (sPDL1) in 24 newly dignosed patients and 22healthy controls (HC).Results: We determined significantly increased serum sPDL-1 levels in MM patients when compared to HC. Moreover,sPDL-1 levels correlated positively with a p53 positive mutation status, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactiveprotein, calcium levels and poor performance status. A significant difference is detected between sPDL-1 level and PFS;but not OS. The sPDL-1 cut-off value for predicting survival outcomes was 1.03 ng/mL that was detected median valuein MM patients. Patients with high serum sPDL-1 level were associated with a significantly decreased progression freesurvival (p