There is an association between sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and the risk of hip fracture

Abstract

Sarcopenia is an age-related condition associated with progressive loss of muscle mass and function. It leads to physical disability, poor quality of life, and mortality.[1] There is an association between sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and the risk of hip fracture; like distal radius fracture and hip fracture.[2,3] Sarcopenia also increases the risk of five-year mortality in patients with osteoporotic hip fractures.[4] Genetic, developmental, endocrine, and lifestyle factors, such as lack of physical activity, smoking, and poor diet have dual effects on both muscle and bone mass.[5] Vitamin D receptor might be a key element of osteoporosis-sarcopenia connection in muscle atrophy of elderly patients.[6] Due to low physical performance and high bone turnover, older adults with osteosarcopenia have to be regarded as the most at-risk population for fractures and disability.[7] Interventions such as resistance training, optimal dietary protein, vitamin D, and calcium intake have positive effect on bone and muscle, reducing falls, fractures, and, consequently, disability.[8] A recent systematic review provides evidence of the beneficial effect of dairy protein to improve muscle mass in middle-aged and older adults.[9]