Self-Healing In Smart Grid: A Review

Özet

Today's power systems are based on Tesla's design principles developed in the 1880s and have evolved over time to become the current aspect. Although communication technology is developing very fast, the development of power systems has not been able to keep up with it. Because the structure of the power system used is generally far behind and is unable to respond the needs of the 21st century. With the rapid development of today's technology, it has become possible to make the electricity network better by utilizing the computer and network technologies in the electricity networks. Thus, the electricity networks will provide a sustainable, safe and uninterrupted energy to the consumers by providing bi-directional data and electricity flow. The grids that can do this are called smart grids. One of the most important features of smart grid is that; in the case of a possible outage or fault, self-healing by continuing to provide energy flow. In this article, self-healing algorithms and their application areas were surveyed using publications between 2003 and 2017. In the concept of self-healing, especially transmission, distribution, micro grids, transient state stability and cyber attack are mentioned.

Abstract

Living things have defense mechanisms against environmental stresses. These mechanisms protect the organism against adverse effects of stress conditions. Stress responses are a complex process. Live systems can survive according to the compatibility of their responses to stress types. Antioxidant defense is the most important mechanism to combat stress in biological systems. As in animals, there is antioxidant defense in plants. It is difficult to clarify biological stress responses such as plants. Plants can fight against the negative effects of environmental stress through their antioxidant systems. The antioxidant system consists of enzymatic antioxidants such as Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione reductase, Dehydroaskorbate reductase, Monodehydroaskorbate reductase and Guaiacol peroxidase, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants such as Ascorbic acid, Glutathione, α-Tocopherol, Carotenoid and Phenolic compounds. This review, plants' enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were explained and it was intended to provide contribution to literature.