DEMOKRAT PARTİ’NİN 1950’YE KADAR DEVLET KURUMLARINCA İZLENMESİ

Özet

sistem yoktu. CHP’den ayrılan bir grup aydın ve asker tarafından 1924’te kurulan Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası Şeyh Sait Ayaklanması ile ilişkilendirilerek Haziran 1925’te kapatıldı. 1930’da çok partili hayata geçiş adına yeni bir deneme daha yapıldı ve Serbest Fırka adında bir muhalefet partisi kuruldu. Ancak bu çok partili hayata geçiş denemesi de kısa ömürlü oldu. Türkiye 2. Dünya Savaşı’nın bitimine kadar bu kısa aralıklar dışında CHP tarafından “Tek Parti” yönetimi ile yönetilmiştir. 2. Dünya Savaşı’nın bitiminde iç ve dış gelişmelerin etkisiyle yeniden çok partili hayata geçiş denemesi içinde en önemli parti Demokrat Parti (DP) Olmuştur. DP, 7 Ocak 1946 tarihinde daha önce CHP bünyesinde faaliyet gösteren Celal Bayar ve Adnan Menderes öncülüğünde CHP’den ayrılan milletvekillerinin öncülüğünde kurulmuştur. Bu dönem Türkiye’nin çok partili siyasal hayata geçiş süreci olarak, oldukça sancılı ve bunalımlı bir dönemdir. Bu süreçte Türkiye yepyeni bir siyasal hayatı tecrübe etmiştir. 1946’da yapılan ilk çok partili genel seçim, siyasal hayatın bu yeni döneminde açık oy gizli sayım gibi birçok usulsüzlüğün de görüldüğü seçim olmuştur. 1946 -1950 arası dönemde de DP’nin karşılaştığı zorluklar ve devlet takibi devam etmiştir. Buna rağmen1950’de demokratik bir genel seçimle CHP, iktidarı kansız bir biçimde DP’ye devretmiştir. DP’nin kuruluş ve iktidarı alış dönemleri arasında daha önce tecrübe edilmemiş gelişmeler, tek parti yönetimini bu geçiş sürecini yönetmekte zorlamıştır. Bir taraftan da Tan Olayı gibi hükümet organlarının denetiminde düzenlenen saldırılarla aşırı solun DP içinde olması engellenirken DP’nin her hareketi devlet tarafından izlenmiştir. Bu takibe ilişkin belgeler, sürecin CHP tarafından kontrollü bir geçiş dönemi olması için çaba harcandığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Abstract

When Turkish Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923 there was no parliamentary system based on political parties. The Terakkiperver Republican Party, founded in 1924 by a group of intellectuals and military officials who left the CHP, was closed in June 1925, associated with the Sheikh Sait Rebellion. In 1930, another attempt was made to transition to multi-party life, and an opposition party called the Free Party was formed. However, this attempt to transition to multiparty life was also short-lived. Except for such short intervals Turkey was governed under ‘one-party rule’ by Republican People’s Party until the end of Second World War. Democrat Party was the most important political party during the new attempt for multi-party political life with the influence of domestic and external developments by the end of Second World War. DP was established on 7 January 1946 by leadership of Celal Bayar and Adnan Menderes who used to be members of Republican People’s Party. This era as the transition to multi-party political life in Turkey was very difficult and stressful. During this period Turkey experienced a new political life. The first multiparty general election in 1946 was the election in which many irregularities such as open vote secret counting were seen in this new period of political life. Between 1946 and 1950, the DP's challenges and state surveillance continued. However, Republican People’s Party handed over the power to DP after a democratic general election in 1950. Developments not experienced before in the period between the establishment of DP and its taking over power put one-party rule in trouble to manage the transition process. On the other hand, while extreme left’s intrusion into DP was prevented by attacks orchestrated by government bodies as in the case of Tan Incident, every move of DP was monitored by the state. The documents concerning this surveillance presented in this paper show that Republican People’s Party aimed for a controlled transition period.When Turkish Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923 there was no parliamentary system based on political parties. The Terakkiperver Republican Party, founded in 1924 by a group of intellectuals and military officials who left the CHP, was closed in June 1925, associated with the Sheikh Sait Rebellion. In 1930, another attempt was made to transition to multi-party life, and an opposition party called the Free Party was formed. However, this attempt to transition to multiparty life was also short-lived. Except for such short intervals Turkey was governed under ‘one-party rule’ by Republican People’s Party until the end of Second World War. Democrat Party was the most important political party during the new attempt for multi-party political life with the influence of domestic and external developments by the end of Second World War. DP was established on 7 January 1946 by leadership of Celal Bayar and Adnan Menderes who used to be members of Republican People’s Party. This era as the transition to multi-party political life in Turkey was very difficult and stressful. During this period Turkey experienced a new political life. The first multiparty general election in 1946 was the election in which many irregularities such as open vote secret counting were seen in this new period of political life. Between 1946 and 1950, the DP's challenges and state surveillance continued. However, Republican People’s Party handed over the power to DP after a democratic general election in 1950. Developments not experienced before in the period between the establishment of DP and its taking over power put one-party rule in trouble to manage the transition process. On the other hand, while extreme left’s intrusion into DP was prevented by attacks orchestrated by government bodies as in the case of Tan Incident, every move of DP was monitored by the state. The documents concerning this surveillance presented in this paper show that Republican People’s Party aimed for a controlled transition period.