Characterization and Management of Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor: Analysis of 9 Cases and Literature Review

Abstract

Aims: Juxtaglomerular cell tumor is a rare kidney tumor. This studyaimed to report the clinic features of juxtaglomerular cell tumor andour treatment experience.Methods: The medical records of 9 juxtaglomerular cell tumorpatients treated in our hospital from 1997 to 2017 were retrospectivelyreviewed. Clinical characteristics, immunohistochemical findings,treatments and outcomes were collected.Results: The mean age of 9 patients was 24±8.1 years (range: 18-37).All cases had symptoms of hypertension, hyperaldosteronism, highplasma renin, high plasma angiotensin II. Four cases had hypokalemia.The renal masses were found by enhanced contrast tomography inall patients. One case received ultrasound-guided ablation and wasclinically diagnosed with juxtaglomerular cell tumor. Among theremaining 8 cases, 2 cases received nephrectomy while 6 underwentpartial nephrectomy. The 8 cases were pathologically diagnosed withjuxtaglomerular cell tumor. Immunohistochemical findings showedthat juxtaglomerular cell tumor was positive for vimentin, CD34, andactin but negative for chromogranin A. After treatment, all the patientshad normal levels of blood pressure, serum renin activity, potassium,and aldosterone. No patients had tumor progress or metastasis withina median follow-up period of 94 (range: 33-241) months.Conclusion: Hypertension combined with hyperaldosteronism andhypokalemia secondary to high plasma renin activity are the typicalsymptoms of juxtaglomerular cell tumor. Partial nephrectomy is anoptimal treatment for juxtaglomerular cell tumor.