Dergiler / Anadolu ve Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2018 / Cilt: 1 - Sayı: 1
1530-1611 YILLARI ARASI KESRİYE ŞEHRİ’NDE NÜFUS VE EKONOMİ
- Sayfa
- 89–118
- DOI
- —
Özet
ÖZETBugün Yunanistan’ın kuzeyinde bulunan Kesriye(Kastoria), XIV. yüzyılda Balkanlarda gerçekleşen hızlı Osmanlı fütühatının sonucunda, 1385 yılında fethedilerek Osmanlı idari yapılanması içerisine dahil olmuştur. Rumeli Eyaletinin sol kol kazaları içerisinde olan Kesriye ile ilgili olarak bu çalışmada daha ziyade 1530-1611 yılları arasında şehrin nüfus ve ekonomisi ele alınmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu doğrultuda ilk olarak tahrir defterlerinden faydalanılarak şehirdeki toplam nüfus, bu nüfusun yıllar içerisindeki değişimi, toplam nüfus içerisinde Müslüman ve Hıristiyan kesimin dağılımının ne olduğu gibi konular ele alınacaktır. İkinci olarak ise vergi kalemlerinden yola çıkarak şehir halkınını ana ekonomik faaliyetinin tespitine çalışılacaktır. Son olarak şehirdeki mesleki iş kollarının ne olduğu ortaya konularak Osmanlı klasik döneminde Kesriye şehrinin bir görüntüsü ortaya konulacaktır.
Abstract
State government under the Turkish State tradition the forensic organization had a very important place and function. In the beginning, the head of forensic organization managed by Yargucu and his assistants who adjudicating to custom beginning from the propagation of Islam, muslim judge proceed to take part beside these officials. After the next period of Islam dominated the Turkish countries the situation had changed, Muslim Judges rank among the head of forensic organization as an only legal officers. No longer, Muslim Judge who is the chief enforcer of law on behalf of the ruler take part of the head of forensic organization in Islamic period in Turkish state administration. In this work we have discussed from three big Turkish states the diversified chief muslim judge implementations which have seen to emerged differently in Turkish states. One of the first Turkish states is undoutabtedly Khazars which the chief Muslim judge implementations have seen in their own way. In Khazars there were seven chief Muslim judges who were two Muslıms, two Jews, two Christians and non-members of the three monotheistic religions’s groups with Slavic, a judge who looks at the cases of the Russians. In the Golden Horde which had a great political dominance at the time when Islam began to spread rapidly, the institution of chief Muslim Jugdge continued to existence of its being in a distinctive way. In Golden Horde, law of Emir who the regular member of congress was at the head of forensic organization, besides the chief Yargucu and his assistants who adjudicating to custom, the chief Muslim Judge and his assistants who adjudicating to Islamic law also interested with legal affairs. In Mamelukes State there were chief Muslim Judge implementations one each from four sunni sectarians which was not applied in any of Turkish-Islamic States. Each of these chief Muslim Judge ruled a case of people who belonged to their own sectarians. Analyzing the three big Turkish States’s diversified chief Muslim judge implementations we tried to reveal how the forensic organization in the Turkish Government Sytem according to conditions and needs of the period take form systematically appear.