Tralleis: Konum, Mekân, İsim ve Bellek

Özet

Kuzey Karia’da toprakları olan Tralleis, güney Lydia’da sınır kentidir. Sur içi Tralleis’de sadece kamu yapıları yer alır. Kamu yapısı olmasına rağmen dini mimari, sivil mimari ile sur dışında, Tralleis terri-torium’undadır. Sur içinde tek sivil yapı domus regia olmuştur. Tralleis kentleşme planında istisnadır. Kent, Attalos yönetiminden ayrılınca, regia sıfatını kaldırarak bu yapıyı kamu yapısına dönüştürmüştür.M.S. 6’ncı yüzyılda ikinci Tralleis kenti kurulur. Dini mimari, bu yüzyıldan itibaren eski sur içi Tralleis’de yeni kent planında yerini alır.Bu çalışmada Tralleis’in kentleşmesi, mimarisinin evrimi, Tralleis toplumunun inanç ve zihin değişimi ile belleği görülebilmektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışma, bir anakronizmi yıkmaktadır: Tralleis’de kırmızı tuğladan Attalos Sarayı hiçbir zaman var olmamıştır. Tralleis’de Attalos sarayı kurgubilimdir

Abstract

The current Bemerkungen zu Urkunden tries to explain some phases of the History of Tralleis. Themes of the article are the different locations of the city and architectural histories of Domus regia and Larasion–Larisaion. Tralleis is located by Ksenophon in Karia, by Strabon in Lydia, by Diodorus Siculus in Ionia, by Stephanos Byzantinii both in Lydia and in Karia. Ksenophon points out not geographical, but reorganised hegemonic zone. Under the Hecatomnids loyal to the Persian Empire, Tralleis was in the boundary of the Carian Satrapy. By contrast Strabon represents geographical region via the Maiandros River, that was flowing as boundary between Lydia and Karia. However, Diodorus Siculus describes neither geographical nor reorganised but alliance area, the so–called Ionia. During the Ionian Revolt, Tralleis was in the political alliance against the Persian Empire. But Stephanos Byzantinii depicts urban territory spread from southern Lydia to northern Karia beyond the Meander by recording two Tralleis. Stephanos Byzantinii leads us to think that the city–state was divided. Palaia Tralleis and Nea Tralleis occurred. The reason should be that the Trallians, baptized by Ioannes of Ephesos and his accompanist Deuterius, inhabited Tralleis. The polytheist Trallians abandoned Tralleis and went to Kharaks and altered the settlement’s name as Tralleis. Thus, Nea Tralleis was founded in Kharaks near Leuke Kome in Karia after 542 A.D. Plinius mentions Domus regia and Vitruvius renames the same edifice as Domus. Domus regia had been built as not palace but royal residence for the Attalids. After their reign, Tralleis transformed the private property into the public edifice for the priests of Zeus Larisaios–Larasios. The reason is that there are public edifices solely within the intramural Tralleis. In the course of mental mutation in the territory of Tralleis in the 6th century A.D., Larisaion– Larasion, which had referred to the Temple of Zeus Larisaios–Larasios until its destruction, continued to refer also to Monasterium Larisaeum–Larasium from 542 A.D. onward. Larisaion–Larasion, the traditional edifice name familiar to all the inhabitants of Tralleis, lived in their social memory.