Micronucleus test, nuclear abnormalities and accumulation of cu and cd on Gambusia affinis (baird & girard, 1853)

Cu ve cd’un Gambusia affinis (baird ve girard, 1853)’te birikimi, mikronukleus testi ve nükleer anormalliklerin oluşumu

Özet

Bu çalışmada Cu ve Cd’un Gambusia affinis’te birikimi, mikronukleus ve nükleer anormalliklerin oluşumu çalışılmıştır. Balıklar 0.1 ppm ve 1 ppm Cu ve Cd konsantrasyonları ile bir ve iki hafta, 0.1 ppm Cu + 0.1 ppm Cd karışım konsantrasyonu ile iki hafta yarı statik sistemde muamele edilmişlerdir. Mikronukleus ve nükleer anormallikler periferik kan eritrositlerinde analiz edilmiştir. Cu ve Cd’un birlikte uygulandığı balıklarda, Cu birikimi tek başına (0.1 ppm) uygulandığı gruba göre artış göstermiştir. Mikronukleus ve nükleer anormallik test sonuçları, Cu ve Cd’un balık eritrositlerinde mikronukleus frekansını anlamlı arttırmamasına rağmen nükleer anormallikleri kontrole göre anlamlı arttırdığını göstermektedir.

Abstract

In last decades, environmental contamination by metals has received significant attention especially with respect to effects on aquatic ecosystems. Rivers and lakes, directly influenced by mining, metal smelting and other industrial activities; have been contaminated by many potentially toxic trace metals such as Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu). (Pacyna et al., 1995; Mohapatra and Rengarajan, 1996; Eiseler, 1998; Kalay, 1996; Kargın and Çoğun, 1999). Fish require Cu as micronutrients (Watanabe et al., 1997) and can obtain these metals from either water or their diet (Handy, 1996; Eiseler, 1998). However it may become toxic when present in high concentrations in the environment. Copper toxicity to aquatic biota is related primarily to dissolved cupric ion (Cu+2) and possibly to some hydroxyl complexes. Cd is a ubiquitous toxicant which has been recognized as one of the most deleterious nonessential heavy metals (Stoeppler, 1991). Cd is typically found at very low (i.e. parts per billion) concentrations in rivers, lakes and ponds (Lugowska, 2007; Donson, 1992; Hollis et al., 1999). Cd is among the most toxic metals in the aquatic environment, possesses no known biological role and exhibits high toxicity if allowed to accumulate in metabolicallyactive tissues (Sorensen, 1991). In fish, Cd can damage gills (Voyer et al., 1975; Eiseler, 1998; Canlı and Kargın, 1995) result in skeletal deformities

Anahtar kelimeler: alyuvarlar,kadmiyum,Gambusia affinis,çekirdek,bakır,anormallikler,teşhis