Acute Encephalitis and Myocarditis Associated with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

Özet

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of acute respiratory tract infections among children. 1%-2% of RSVinfections require hospitalization. In addition to the respiratory system, cardiovascular system may be also affected by the RSV infection. A7-year-old, previously healthy, female patient presenting with respiratory difficulties was admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit. Thepatient was intubated and connected to a mechanical ventilator because of acute respiratory failure. Her tracheal aspirate was studied forviral multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and RSV positivity was detected. Her echocardiogram revealed left ventricular dysfunction. She was put on fluid restriction, intravenous furosemide, and inotropic support. Her cranial magnetic resonance examination showedthe signs of acute haemorrhagic encephalopathy. She underwent five sessions of therapeutic plasma exchange with fresh frozen plasma. Shewas extubated on the 18th day of admission and provided with respiratory support with high-flow oxygen therapy thereafter. On the 23rd day,when her clinical status remained stable, she was transferred to the paediatrics ward. An RSV infection should be considered in cases withacute necrotising encephalitis and myocarditis.