DÖNÜŞÜMCÜ LİDERLİK ALGISININ ÇALIŞANLARIN İÇ GİRİŞİMCİLİK DAVRANIŞLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYENİN DÜZENLEYİCİ ETKİSİ

THE MODERATING EFFECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL IN THE EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP PERCEPTION OF EMPLOYEES ON INTRAPRENEURSHIP BEHAVIOR

Özet

Liderin örgüt içi süreçlerde ve çalışanlar üzerinde önemli etkisi vardır. Çalışanlara değer veren, onlara yol gösteren dönüşümcü liderliğin çalışanları örgüte yönelik daha çok olumlu davranışlar göstermeye yönelteceği değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada dönüşümcü liderlik alt boyutları olan idealleştirilmiş etki, ilham verici güdüleme, entelektüel uyarım ve bireysel destek boyutlarının iç girişimcilik davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde öz yeterlilik, umut, dayanıklılık ve iyimserlik olarak belirlenen psikolojik sermaye alt boyutlarının düzenleyici etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Savunma sanayiinde faaliyet gösteren bir örgütün çalışanlarına kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile anket uygulanmış ve 115-çalışandan elde edilen veriler SPSS 21 Paket Programı ile analize tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonucunda dönüşümcü liderlik alt boyutlarından idealleştirilmiş etki ve bireysel destek boyutlarının iç girişimcilik üzerinde olumlu yönde etkisi olduğu; idealleştirilmiş etkinin iç girişimcilik üzerindeki etkisine psikolojik sermayenin öz yeterlilik ve umut boyutlarının düzenleyici bir etkiye sahip olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte dönüşümcü liderlik alt boyutlarından bireysel destek boyutunun iç girişimcilik davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde psikolojik sermayenin öz yeterlilik boyutunun düzenleyici etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Abstract

1. LITERATURE 1.1. RESEARCH SUBJECT The transformational leadership perception of employees is a significant concept in terms of organizational management examined by Bass (1988). Transformational leaders create an environment that fosters innovativeness by their ability to communicate, vision and values (Arago’n-Correa vd., 2007: 351). By establishing empathy, they develop positive relationships with employees and increase motivation (Arslan; 2013; 32). Transformational leadership has been investigated with idealized dimensions, inspiring motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual support (Bass, 1999; Avolio, 1999). Intrapreneurship defined by Pinchot (1985) as what people should do to create and develop new ideas in organizations. Intrapreneurship is a concept that has important effects on the development and competitiveness of organizations and has been examined with its dimensions of innovation, proactivity and risk taking (Gifford, 2010: 304). Psychological capital, which is an important concept for the organization, consists of the person's open sides to development and shows the psychological development of the person. Self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism dimensions (Luthans and Youssef, 2004: 153) were examined. 2. DESIGN AND METHOD 1.2. RESEARCH PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE The aim of this study is to examine the effect of transformational leadership perception of employees in organizations on intrapreneurship behaviors and, if any, whether psychological capital has a moderating effect on this effect. It is considered to be a noteworthy study in terms of transformational leadership, intrapreneurship and psychological capital variables together. 1.3. CONTRIBUTION of the ARTICLE to the LITERATURE In this study in which the variables of transformational leadership, intrapreneurship and psychological capital are examined together, it is evaluated that the results achieved will contribute to the fields of application and to the literature and may be a starting point for future research. 2.1. RESEARCH TYPE It is an explanatory and applied study, which is conducted in Defense Industry, aimed to examine the effect of transformational leadership perception of employees in organizations on intrapreneurship behaviors. Moreover, it also investigates if there is any moderating effect of psychological capital on this effect. 2.2. RESEARCH PROBLEMS One of the problems of the study is whether transformational leadership has an impact on the employees' intrapreneurship, the other problem is to determine the presence of a moderating effect of psychological capital on this effect, if any. Defense industry employees constitute the main mass of the study, while the sample of the study consists of the employees of an organization operating in this sector. 2.3. DATA COLLECTION METHOD The data were obtained easily by sampling method. The questionnaire prepared for the study was distributed to 147 employees in a convenient timeframe for employees on a day determined by the organization's management between November and December 2019 after obtaining permission from the organization where the research would be conducted, and 139 questionnaires were collected back. As a result of the investigation, 24 questionnaires were not included in the analysis due to incorrect and incomplete filling. 2.4. QUANTITATIVE / QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS The research was carried out with quantitative research method and the data obtained as a result of the application was analyzed with the SPSS 21 package program. Cronbach Alpha reliability analysis was used to determine the internal consistency of the scales used in the study. Explanatory factor analysis was performed to determine the suitability of the available expressions in the variables, and hierarchical regression analysis was applied to determine the modareting role of the multiple linear regression and psychological capital variable to determine the relationships between the variables and test the hypotheses. 2.5. RESEARCH MODEL 2.6. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES The hypotheses of the study are determined as follows; intrapreneurship behavior. H1: Employees' idealized influence perceptions af