Eco-friendly Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives Using Mineral Fertilizers as Heterogeneous Catalysts

Abstract

The synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives were heterogeneously catalyzed by phosphate-basedcatalyst fertilizers, MAP, DAP, or TSP. The reaction affords the desired products in excellent yields atambient temperature. A series of studies were conducted to investigate the effect of solvent reaction, itsvolume, and catalyst amount. A study of the recyclability of catalysts removed from the reaction mixture bysimple filtration was also carried out to find that the three phosphate-based catalysts retain their catalyticactivities up to six cycles.