Cytotoxic effects of delphinidin in human osteosarcoma cells

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether delphinidin is cytoprotective or cytotoxic inosteosarcoma cell lines, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Materials and methods: The present study investigated whether apoptosis or autophagy is induced bydelphinidin in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Delphinidin was used as the antioxidant, along with twoautophagy inhibitors: 3-methyladenine and baŞlomycin A1. Cell viability and known autophagicmarkers, such as LC3-II expression, were evaluated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and cellcycle analysis were also investigated.Results: Delphinidin showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity to osteosarcoma cell. Delphinidin isclosely associated with apoptotic cell death mechanisms and pathways related to ROS accumulation. Inaddition, we observed delphinidin-induced autophagosome formation and increasing levels of LC3-IIconversion. However, in spite of delphinidin induced autophagy, the cytotoxic effects induced in theosteosarcoma cells may not be operating via autophagic cell death mechanisms.Conclusions: Delphinidin compromises the cellular protective mechanisms by inhibiting autophagy,permitting ROS to accumulate andŞnally enhance apoptotic cell death. Our results indicate that delphinidin may play a critical role as a chemotherapeutic agent by preventing the development andprogression of osteosarcoma cells.© 2017 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This isan open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).