TÜRKİYE’DE BİREYLERİN MADDİ YOKSUNLUK DURUMLARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN MODELLENMESİ

MODELLING OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE MATERIAL DEPRIVATION STATUS OF INDIVIDUALS IN TURKEY

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çok değişkenli probit regresyon modeli ile Türkiye’de yaşayan bireylerin maddi yoksunluk durumlarını etkileyen sosyo-demografik ve ekonomik faktörleri tespit etmektir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında yapılan Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırması’nın mikro veri seti kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucuna göre, bağımlı değişkenler arasında pozitif ilişki vardır ve hepsi eşanlı olarak tek bir modelde ele alınabilir. Model sonuçlarına göre anket yılı, medeni durum, eğitim durumu, sağlık durumu, kronik hastalık, meslek, gelir düzeyi değişkenlerinin maddi yoksunluk durumunda etkili değişkenler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gelir düzeyi ve eğitim seviyesi arttıkça bireylerin maddi yoksunluğu azalmaktadır. Hiç evlenmemiş bireylerin de daha az maddi yoksunluk yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada özellikle, eğitim ve gelir düzeyi düşük olan, sağlık durumu kötü olan, evli olan ve çalışmayan bireylerin daha çok maddi yoksunluk yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar maddi yoksunluk durumunun önlenmesinde politika ve programların oluşturulması için bilgi kaynağı olabilmesi açısından önemlidir.

Abstract

1. LITERATURE 1.1. RESEARCH SUBJECT Deprivation is defined as the state of being deprived of something. Deprivation can be defined as the situation in which an individual, family or group is visibly disadvantaged compared to the wider community or nation which they belong to. Material deprivation is a concept based on the affordability of a range of goods and services required or desired by people to have an acceptable standard of living, taking into account the conditions of the country in which they live. 1.2. RESEARCH PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE In this study, it is aimed to investigate the factors affecting the material deprivation status of individuals by using micro data sets of Income and Living Conditions Survey (SILC) conducted by Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) in 2017 and 2018. Since material deprivation is also associated with poverty, determining the factors affecting material deprivation and also their effect sizes will guide decision makers in poverty reduction policies. 1.3. CONTRIBUTION of the ARTICLE to the LITERATURE Although there are studies in the literature examining the material deprivation of households, there are very few studies examining the material deprivation of individuals. There may be different material deprivation situations even for individuals living in the same household. Studies on poverty were generally carried out at the macro level or household level. In this study, contribution will be made to the material deprivation literature by working with individual based data at micro level. In particular, the handling and examination of six different dependent variables that show the material deprivation of individuals with a single model makes this study different from other studies in the literature. 2. DESIGN AND METHOD 2.1. RESEARCH TYPE It is a study using quantitative methods to investigate the factors affecting the material deprivation of individuals by using the micro data sets of SILCs conducted by TurkStat. 2.2. RESEARCH PROBLEMS While there are many studies on the determinants of income poverty, there are fewer studies on material deprivation. Although there are studies examining the material deprivation of households, there are very few studies examining the material deprivation of individuals. There may be different material deprivation situations even for individuals living in the same household. 2.3. DATA COLLECTION METHOD In this study, the micro data sets of SILCs which was conducted by Turkish Statistical Institute in 2017 and 2018 was used. SILC covers all the settlements located within the borders of the Republic of Turkey. 2.4. QUANTITATIVE / QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS SPSS 20 and Stata 14 programs were used in the analysis of the data. Firstly, the frequency and percentages of the individuals participating in the research were obtained according to their material deprivation status and independent variables. Then, by using multivariate probit regression analysis, factors affecting the material deprivation situation were determined. 2.5. RESEARCH MODEL Multivariate probit model is a preferred model when dependent variables are related to each other. When there is a relationship between dependent variables affected by the same explanatory variables, the multivariate probit model gives more effective results than the respective binary logit or probit model estimates for each dependent variable. 2.6. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES There is a relationship between individuals' material deprivation status and the individuals' participation year in the study, educational status, marital status, health status, chronic disease status, occupation and income level. 3. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. FINDINGS as a RESULT of ANALYSIS 12% of the individuals about “replacing old clothes”, 10.8% of the individuals about “having two pair of proper shoes that one of them is suitable for daily use”, and 20.1% of the individuals about “meeting friends, family / relatives to eat or drink something with them at home or outside (restaurants, patisseries, cafes etc.) at least once a month”, is s