DÂVUD-İ KARSÎ (1169/1756):KELÂMÎ GÖRÜŞLERİ ve KAYNAKLARI

Dâvud al-Karsî (1169/1756): His Theological Aspects and his Theological Sources

Özet

ÖZBu calışmada Davud-i Karsi (1169/1756)’nin Kelami goruşeri ve eserlerindekiKelami kaynaklarıincelenmişir. Davud-i Karsi, Kars’ta doğuşve İtanbul’daonemli ilmi makamlara yukselmişbir İlam alimidir. İlami ilimlerin hemen heralanıda eser vermişve İlam’ı doğu anlaşımasıicin elinden gelen butun cabalarıgostermişir. Davud-i Karsi, Kelam Tarihcilerince ‘Şrh ve Haşyeler Donemi’olarak adlandııan bu donemin genel karakterine uyarak OsmanlıKelamalimlerinden Hıı Bey’in Kaside-i Nuniyye adlıeserini şrh etmişve Kelamigoruşerini bu şrhte gostermişir. O, bu eserini mensubu olduğ Maturidi ekolunungenel ilkeleri cercevesinde yorumlamışı. Bunu yaparken de Eş’ari Kelamekolune mensup alimlerin eserlerinden de fazlasıla istifade etmişir. Kelam ilmiyleilgili olarak; Şrhu’l-Kasideti’n-Nuniyyeti’t-Tevhidiyye, Şrhu Amentu billah,Şrhu Kasideti Bedi’l-Emali ve Risaletu beyanımeseletil İtiyarati’l Cuz’iyye ve’lİrakati’l Kalbiyye adlıeserleri telif etmişir. Bu calışada Davud el-Karsi’ninKelam ilmine ilişin eseri olan “Şrh-i Kaside-i Nuniyye” adlıeserindeki goruşerideğrlendirilmişir. Onun Kelami goruşeri ortaya konulmaya calışııken zamanzaman diğr ekollerin anlayışarıla da karşıaşıımaya gidilmişve Davud-iKarsi’nin orijinal goruşeri gosterilmeye calışımışı. Onun Kelam ilminin temelmeselelerindeki goruşeri Ehl-i Sunnet’in goruşnun bir tekrarıı. Bununla birlikteo, Maturidiler’in goruşnu oncelemişir.Bu calışada ayrıa Davud-i Karsi’nin Şrhu’l-Kasideti’n-Nuniyye’si esas alıarakkullanmışolduğ Kelami kaynaklar değrlendirilmişir. O temelde Kur’anayetlerinden hareketle eserini oluşurmuşur. Bunun yanıda yaşdığıdonemdeOsmanlımedreselerinde yaygı olarak okutulan Kelami eserler Davud-i Karsi’ninde temel kaynaklarını oluşturmaktadır. İtikadi goruşlerini mensubu olduğu Maturidiekolunun genel ilkeleri cercevesinde yorumlarken Eş’ari ve Maturidi kaynaklarııayıı yapmaksıı kullanmışı. Davud-i Karsi, yer yer kendi yorumlarııkatsa da genel olarak goruşeri Eş’ariliğn ve Maturidiliğn goruşerinintekrarıdan ibarettir. Turk alimi Birgivi’nin eserlerinden de faydalanmışı. Davud-i Karsi doneminin yaygı Kelam kaynaklarııkullanarak onemli bir Kelameserini Kelamcıara kazandımışı.Anahtar Kelimeler: Davud-i Karsi, Kelam, hur irade, teşbih, Allah’ı sıfatlarıRu’yetullah, Şerhu’l-Kasideti’n-Nuniyye. ABSTRACTDâvud al-Karsî (1169/1756): His Theological Aspects andhis Theological SourcesIn this study it has been investigated Davud al-Karsi’s theological aspects andhis theological sources. Davud al-Karsi was born in Kars and he was raised inIstanbul, a major Islamic scholars scientific authorities. He has works in almostevery area of Islamic sciences and he showed all his efforts in his power to correctunderstanding of Islam. Davud al-Karsi’s works are the salient features of hisera which scholars of 18th Century. This era was called by historians of theology“Commentaries and Marginalia”. Hıı Bey’s work ‘Kaside-i Nuniyye’. Davudal-Karsi who called his work “Şrh-i Kaside-i Nuniyye” is a member of the schoolof Maturidite interpreted their views within the framework of general principles.His theological aspect stands up near Maturidiyya. He wrote, Şrhu’l-Kasideti’n-Nuniyyeti’t-Tevhidiyye, Şrhu Amentu billah, Şrhu Kasideti Bedi’l-Emali veRisaletu beyanımeseletil İtiyarati’l Cuz’iyye ve’l İrakati’l Kalbiyye.Davud al-Karsi used as the source the basic works of Kalam in the Ottomanmadrasas taught. Several studies were conducted on the works and ideas, thisscholar in the Sharh al-Kasideti’n Nuniyye theologıal sources that were used.Established based on the work of the verses of the Koran. It is understood thatthe main sources of Dawud al-Karsi’s theological sources are widely sources in themadrasas of Ottoman monuments. He benefited the Telbisu İlis especially whenaddressing issues of mysticism. Dawud al-Karsi using common resources has givenresearchers an important work of Islamic Theology.Keywords: Davud el-Karsi, free-will, tashbih, adjectives of God (Allah’ın Sıfatları), Ru’yetullah, Kaside-i Nuniyye, Islamic Theology, Sharh al-Kasideti’n Nuniyye.

Abstract

Dâvud al-Karsî (1169/1756): His Theological Aspects andhis Theological SourcesIn this study it has been investigated Davud al-Karsî’s theological aspects and his theological sources. Dâvud al-Karsî was born in Kars and he was raised in Istanbul, a major Islamic scholars scientific authorities. He has works in almost every area of Islamic sciences and he showed all his efforts in his power to correct understanding of Islam. Dâvud al-Karsî’s works are the salient features of his era which scholars of 18th Century. This era was called by historians of theology “Commentaries and Marginalia”. Hızır Bey’s work ‘Kaside-i Nuniyye’. Dâvud al-Karsî who called his work “Şerh-i Kaside-i Nuniyye” is a member of the school of Maturidite interpreted their views within the framework of general principles. His theological aspect stands up near Maturidiyya. He wrote, Şerhu’l-Kasîdeti’nNûniyyeti’t-Tevhîdiyye, Şerhu Âmentü billâh, Şerhu Kasîdeti Bedi’l-Emâlî ve Risaletü beyânı meseletil İhtiyârâti’l Cüz’iyye ve’l İdrâkâti’l Kalbiyye. Dâvud al-Karsî used as the source the basic works of Kalam in the Ottoman madrasas taught. Several studies were conducted on the works and ideas, this scholar in the Sharh al-Kasîdeti’n Nûniyye theologıcal sources that were used. Established based on the work of the verses of the Koran. It is understood that the main sources of Dâwud al-Karsî’s theological sources are widely sources in the madrasas of Ottoman monuments. He benefited the Telbîsü İblîs especially when addressing issues of mysticism. Dâwud al-Karsî using common resources has given researchers an important work of Islamic Theology.

Anahtar kelimeler: Dâvud-i Karsî, Kelâm, hür irade, teşbih, Allah’ın sıfatları, Ru’yetullah, Şerhu’l-Kasîdeti’n-Nûniyye.