MALATYA HALKEVİ ÖNCÜLÜĞÜNDE KUTLANAN 29 EKIM CUMHURİYET BAYRAMI ETKİNLİKLERİ (1932-1951)

ACTIVITIES ON OCTOBER 29 REPUBLIC DAY CELEBRATED BY MALATYA COMMUNITY CENTER(1932-1951)

Özet

Halkevleri, 19 Şubat 1932'de kurulan kültür kurumlarıdır. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında Halk eğitiminin tamamlayıcı unsurlarından en önemlisi olan bu kurumlar; 1951'e kadar millî bilincin yerleşmesinde etken olan bir halk okulu görevini yerine getirmiştir. Halkevleri 9 şube şeklinde örgütlenmiştir. Bu şubeler Dil Tarih ve Edebiyat, Güzel Sanatlar, Temsil, Spor, Sosyal Yardım, Halk Dershaneleri ve Kursları, Kütüphane ve Yayın, Köycülük, Müze ve Sergi Şubesidir. Bu şubeler marifetiyle vatandaşlar birçok hususta bilgilendirilmiştir. Halkevlerinin en önemli çalışmalarından biri de Millî Gün ve Haftaların kutlanması yönelik yapılan faaliyetlerdir. Bayramlar vatandaşlar arasında millî birlik ve beraberliği kuvvetlendirmiş, dayanışma ve yardımlaşma duygularını harekete geçirmiştir. Farklı il ve ilçelerin halkevlerinde aynı coşkuyla kutlanan bu gün ve haftalar Malatya Halkevinde de kutlanmıştır. Kutlamalarda özellikle Dil Tarih ve Edebiyat Şubesi ile Temsil Şubesi büyük katkılar sağlamıştır. Malatya Halkevinde kutlanan millî gün ve haftalar şunlardır: 29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayramı, 23 Nisan Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı, Türk Dil Bayramı, 19 Mayıs Gençlik ve Spor bayramı, 10 Kasım Atatürk'ü Anma ve Atatürk Haftasıdır. Bu çalışmada Malatya Halkevinin Dil Tarih ve Edebiyat Şubesi ile Gösterit (Temsil Şubesi)nin bir çalışma alanı olarak 29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayramı etkinliklerini içermektedir. 29 Ekim Cumhuriyet Bayramı kutlamalarına ilişkin yapılan çalışmanın amacı ise Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında Malatya Halkevinin millî birlik ve dayanışmayı en üst seviyeye çıkartan sosyal ve kültürel alanda yaptığı faaliyetleri ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışmada, araştırma modeli olarak Literatür taraması uygulanmış olup tarama sonucunda elde edilen bulgular değerlendirilmiştir

Abstract

Community Centres, cultural institutions are founded on February 19, 1932. The most important of these institutions are complementary elements of public education in the early years of the Republic; Public education activities until 1951 has brought a significant place. Community Centers are organized in 9 branche This branch of Language, History and Literature, Fine Arts, Representation, Sports, Social Welfare, Public Schools and Courses, Library and Publication, Peasentasim is a museum and exhibition branche These branches were informed by the ingenuity of citizens in many aspect One of the most important work of the People's Houses are also made up for activities to celebrate the national day and the week. Holidays strengthen national unity and solidarity among citizens, which has had a sense of solidarity and support to the movement. This day is celebrated with the same enthusiasm and weeks of community centers in different cities and towns were celebrated at the community center in Malatya. Celebrations in particular the representation branch with language history and literature branch has made great contribution Malatya national days and weeks celebrated in the community center are as follows: October 29 Republic Day, 23 April National Sovereignty and Children's Day, the Turkish Language Day, May 19 Youth and Sports Day, are the celebrations held on the Hatay Motherland annexation. The aim of the work to be done in Malatya Community Center for this celebration, in the early years of the Republic of Malatya community center to reveal his social and cultural activities in this work will be done in the literature as a research model. The findings obtained in the scan results will be evaluated.The Community Centers were cultural institutions established on February 19, 1932. Especially during the early Republican Period, they were supplementary elements of the Public Education, and acted as public schools that were active in the acquisition of a national conscious until 1951. The Community Centers were organized as 9 branches. These branches were Language, History and Literature, Fine Arts, Theatre, Sports, Social Aids, Public Training Centers and Courses, Library and Publishing, Peasantry, Museums and Exhibitions. One of the important duties of the Community Centers was organizing activities for the purpose of celebrating National Days and Weeks with their branches. These celebrations were organized for the purpose of ensuring the national unity and togetherness, and to develop the solidarity among the people Although not declared as a festival officially, a governmental decree with the number 986 was released on the celebrations of October 29, 1924 after the declaration of the republic. It was decided that October 29 of every year would be celebrated with a special program and by 101 gun fires. The October 29 activities mentioned above were organized firstly by the Türk Ocakları (Turkish Hearths) throughout the country, and then, the Community Centers organized them and the Political Party, CHP, pioneered these organizations. The celebration and commemoration days that were necessary in order to remind the people and to make endure in the national memory were determined according to the cultural policies followed by the CHP Secretary General’s Office, and these principles were applied by the Community Centers. Such works of Community Centers were performed for the purpose of adopting the republican values and strengthen the unitary state structure, and the aim was to reach national conscious. In this context, the festivals, national days and weeks that were celebrated in Community Centers in various cities and counties were also celebrated with great enthusiasm in Malatya Community Center as well. Celebrations for other national days and weeks were also organized in the Malatya Community Center and in the Community Centers in surrounding cities. The Language, History and Literature Branch and the Drama Branches contributed greatly to the celebrations. Malatya Community Center tried to reveal the values brought by the Republic with October 29 Republic Day celebrations. These values are both material and spiritual. No doubt, it is easy to reveal the developments in the material field. However, teaching the basic principles of the Republic, and explaining and adopting the new ideals with revolutions are difficult and time-consuming processes. Another purpose of the celebrations was to support the steps taken for the purpose of modernization. These activities were considered as important opportunities to increase the devotion of the people for the values brought by the republic. There were posters, banners, flags, and the 10th Anniversary March was sung, poems and epics were read, and there were theater plays and radio broadcast, which show the struggle to invoke the republican conscious in the people. The care given to ensure the participation of the people for the celebrations was interesting. In addition, flags were distributed, the cities and even the villages were ornamented and lit, which shows this interest. Despite the developments in communication means in our present day, the same interest and care is not given to celebrate the national days, especially the Republic day. Based on these celebrations, we can conclude that Community Centers played important roles in adopting the basic dynamics of the republic by the people since the day they were first established until our present day. On the other hand, Community Centers were also criticized by some society members. The critics claimed that the Community Centers did not “descend” to the level of the people, and therefore increased the gap between the scholars and the people; the visitors who went to the villages were not like the village people and acted as if they were the representatives of the CHP. Unlike the critics, the Community Centers were important tools in the Turkish modernization process. Firstly, they aroused the co