DİN HİZMETLERİ ÇALIŞANLARINDA DİNİ YÖNELİM VE PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLMA

Özet

Bu araştırmada din hizmetleri çalışanlarının dini yönelim biçimleri ile psikolojik iyi olma ilişkisi 5 değişken içeren kişisel bilgiler bağlamında incelenmiştir. 176 din hizmetleri çalışanı (imam, vaiz, müezzin, Kur'an kursu öğreticisi...) ile kişisel bilgi formu (cinsiyet, eğitim, mesleki deneyim, aylık harcama durumu, yaşanılan stresörler) ile dini yönelim ve psikolojik iyi olma durumlarını ölçen ölçekler kullanılarak çoklu hiyerarşik regresyon analizi ile değerlendirilme yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 65 kadın 111 erkek toplam 176 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcıların içsel dini yönelim biçimine ait puan en yüksek iken sorgulayıcı dini yönelim biçimine ait puanları en düşük bulunmuştur.Fundamental dini yönelimin, psikolojik iyi olmanın alt boyutlarından çevresel hakimiyet, yaşam amaçları ve öz kabul alt boyutları ile pozitif yönlü, özerklik ile negatif yönlü korelasyona sahip olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Özerklik her ne kadar anlamlı olmasa da tüm dini yönelim biçimleri ile negatif ilişkili çıkmıştır. İçsel dini yönelimi, dışsal ve fundamental dini yönelimin yordadığı, fundamental dini yönelimi cinsiyet, içsel dini yönelim çevresel hakimiyet ve negatif yönlü olarak özerkliğin yordadığı tespit edilmiştir. Dışsal dini yönelimi cinsiyet, yaşamı tehdit eden bir durum yaşamış olmak, fundamental ve sorgulayıcı dini yönelim yordamıştır. Sorgulayıcı dini yönelimi ise sadece dışsal dini yönelimin yordadığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak din görevlilerinin dini yönelim biçimleri, psikolojik iyi olmanın farklı alt boyutları, cinsiyet ve yaşam olayları ile ilişkilidir. Fundamental dini yönelimin, psikolojik iyi olmanın alt boyutlarından çevresel hakimiyet, yaşam amaçları ve öz kabul alt boyutları ile pozitif yönlü, özerklik ile negatif yönlü korelasyona sahip olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Fundamental dini yönelim üzerine yapılan yeni tanımlamalar faydalı olabilir.

Abstract

The relationship with the religious orientation styles of clergymen and psychological well-being was analyzed in this study with respect to personal information that contains five variables. The evaluation was carried out with the aid of personal information forms (gender, education, job experience, monthly expenditure, experienced stressor) of 176 clergymen by using scales that measure religious orientation and psychological well-being and by applying hierarchical multiple regression. 65 females and 111 males, 176 in total, participated in the study. While the score of intrinsic religious orientation of the participants was the highest, the score of their quest religious orientation was found to be the lowest. It was found that fundamental religious orientation had a positive correlation with the sub-dimensions of environmental mastery, purposes of life and self-acceptance, which are the sub-dimensions of psychological well-being while it had a negative correlation with autonomy (p<0,05). Autonomy was found to have a negative relationship with all the religious orientation styles although it is not significant. It was found at the end of hierarchical regression analysis that extrinsic and fundamental religious orientation predicted intrinsic religious orientation and that gender, intrinsic religious orientation, environmental mastery predicted fundamental religious orientation. In addition to those, autonomy predicted the fundamental religious orientation in a negative way. Gender, experiencing a life-threatening event, fundamental and quest religious orientation predicted extrinsic religious orientation. It was found out that only extrinsic religious orientation predicted quest religious orientation in a negative way. In conclusion, religious orientation styles of clergymen have a relationship with gender and life events, which are different sub-dimensions of psychological well-being. It was found that fundamental religious orientation had a positive correlation with the sub-dimensions of environmental mastery, purposes of life and self-acceptance, which are the sub-dimensions of psychological well-being while it had a negative correlation with autonomy (p<0,05). New descriptions about fundamental religious orientation might be useful While religion and spirituality has a positive relationship with mental and physical health, psychological well-being, happiness, financial satisfaction (Park et al. 2013, Sillick, Cathcart, 2014), meaning of life (Tiliouine and Belgoumidi, 2009), life satisfaction (Theuns et al., 2012; Ayten, 2012), it has a negative relationship with psychological stress and depression (Williams, Gorman, Hankerson, 2014). Clergy is a job in which profession and religion/spirituality is embedded with each other (Pargament and Mahoney 2005). The fact that all is "holy" at the workplace predicts both "being good" and exhaustion (Dowson, Miner 2015). In the case of Turkey, little is known about the profession of clergy. Moreover, there is no research about the types of religious orientation of clergymen and about their psychological well-being. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between the types of religious orientation of clergymen and psychological well-being in terms of demographic variables (gender, education, job experience) and in terms of monthly expenditure (Kim, Gal, 2014; Nelson, 2009) which was thought that it might predict "being good" depending on the literature and life stressors (Rodrıguez et al. 2015). 176 clergymen (Imam, preacher, müezzin, Quran instructor...) participated in the study and an analysis was carried out with a personal information form (gender, education, work experience, monthly expenditure and experienced stressors) and scales that measured religious orientation and their psychological well-being through multiple hierarchical regression analysis. 176 people, 65 of whom were female and 11 of whom were male, participated in the study. While the score of intrinsic religious orientation of the participants was found to be the highest, the score of interrogative religious orientation was the lowest. Intrinsic religious orientation had a positive relationship with three of the other religious orientation types. This may suggest that intrinsic religious orientation plays a central role although they have different types of religious orientation (Albayrak, 2009). Fundamental religious orientation was found to have positive relationship with environmental dominance, life aims and self-acceptance dimensions, which are the sub-dimensions of psychological well-being (p<0,05). At the end of the regression analysis carried out, environmental dominance predicted the fundamental religious orientation positively while autonomy predicted it negatively. Life aims ensure emotional integrity with being productive and creative (Ryff, 1989). In many of the studies, fundamentals have more life satisfaction and life aims along with high conventionalism (Williamson et al. 2010, Hood, Ahmad, Sadiq, Hill, 2010).Moreover, a relationship was found between fundamental religious orientation and selfacceptance. Experimental studies emphasize the positive relationship between religious orientation and self-acceptance (Emmons, 2008; Myers, 2008) because many teologies have the belief that God values the individual, the belief of individual's strong position next to it and that God positioned the individual above all the creatures (Joshanloo, M. ve Daemi F., 2015 ; Myers, 2008). The fact that these fundamentals have a high practice of religious participation and prayer (Spilka, Hood, Hunsberger, & Gorsuch, 2003) might be related to the fact that they found the sacred texts earlier. Environmental dominance predicts the fundamental religious orientation in the study. There is a positive relationship between religious participation and religious faith density and environmental dominance (Greenfield, Vaillan, Marks; 2009). Thus, it is suggested that the findings