RUS DİLİ GENÇLİK SÖYLEMİNDE YABANCI DİLLERDEN ALINTILAR

Özet

Makalede günümüzde gençlerin konuştuğu Rusçada yabancı dillerden alınan sözcükler ve dil öğeleri konu edilmiştir. Bu konunun daha fazla araştırmaya gereksinimi olduğunu gerektiğini önceden belirtmeliyiz. Makalemizde günümüz gençlerinin söyleminin Rus dilinin çeşitli toplumsal varyantlarından biri olduğunu belirlemeye çalıştık. Makalenin günceliğini, modern dilbilimde "diyalekt", "argo", "jargon" terimlerinin tek bir tanımıyla ifade edilmesi belirlemektedir. Amaç "gençlik argosu" teriminin ve argonun kelime dağarcığı ölçütlerinin belirlenmesi ve irdelenmesidir. Bu amaçla, iletişimde olan gençlik söyleminin birliği tanımlanarak sınırları çizilmekte, yabancı dillerden alınan sözcükler irdelenmekte, bu sözcüklerin üretim yöntemleri sıralanmakta, gençlik argosundaki işlevleri saptanıp belirtilmektedir. Gençlerin konuşmalarındaki sözcük dağarının kaynaklarını, Rus ulusal dilinin bütün biçimlerinden ve başta İngilizce olmak üzere yabancı dillerden alınmış unsurlardan oluşturduğu çalışmamızın temel savıdır. Varılan sonuç, gençlik argosunun gençlerin konuşmalarını semantik bakımdan yeni birimlerle zenginleştirildiği, bu nedenle de onun çeşitli dil alt sistemleriyle karşılıklı ilişki içinde bulunduğudur. Belirli işaretler olduğunda sözcük birliği ya da birleşik sözcüklerin kullanışı bir gençlik jargonu oluşturmaktadır. Bunlar gençlerin konuşmasında bir üslup düşüklüğüne neden olmaktaysa da, bu konuşmaya argonun sağladığı bir ifade gücü kazandırmaktadır. Gençlik jargonları gençliğin büyük çoğunluğunca kullanılmakta, fakat üslup düşüklüğünün sınırları da zorlanmamalıdır. Makalemizde vardığımız sonuç şudur: gençlik argosu her an yeni unsurlar kazanmakta ve bu süreçte pek çok köklü Rus sözcüğü semantik bakımdan yeniden anlamlandırılmaktadır. Gençlik konuşma dilinin söz dağarı yine başka dillerden alıntılar ve aktif sözcük yapımı ile gerçekleşmektedir. Çağdaş gençlik jargonunda Rus dili sözcük yapımının bütün yöntemleri temsil edilmekte, bu olgu da, bu dilin sözcük dağarının sürekli yenilendiği savımızı doğrulamaktadır

Abstract

The article is devoted to an actual problem of borrowings in the Russian-speaking youth discourse. This problem is little studied and requires for further research. The article attempts to define the contemporary discourse of young people as one of the social variants of the Russian language. The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that in the modern linguistics there is no single definition of the used terms "dialect", "Argo", "jargon", "slang". The aim of this article is to analyze the term "youth slang", and criteria for identifying slang vocabulary. This article attempts to identify and delineate the unity of the youth discourse in communications, analyzed the foreign-language borrowing in the youth speech, as well as methods of producing words in youth slang, jargon replenishment sources described. Based on this work, we can conclude that the source of the youth lexicon are all forms of existence of the Russian national language, as well as borrowed from foreign languages, especially from English. It is concluded that youth slang enriches youth discourse semantically with the "new" units, so there is an interaction of different language subsystems. Lexical units or idioms are the youth jargon when they have certain symptoms. They are present in the speech of young people and decrease in the stylistic and expressive at a slang. The article concludes: youth slang always replenishs, while many native Russian words are semantically reinterpreted. Replenishment of the youth lexicon also takes place at the expense of foreign-language borrowing and active processes of word formation. In the Russian-speaking contemporary youth jargon practically all methods of derivation, it confirms the thesis of the constant updating of the vocabulary of slang Introduction. In recent years, interest in non-codified language has reappeared in modern linguistics. It is known that in modern Russian language, the system of spoken and verbal language has studied in detail due to the political and social conditions of life in Russia. New forms of any social relations always affect young people - the socially most active stratum of society. The appeal of linguistics to the aspects of studying personality in language, to cultural factors and pragmatics of understanding youth speech, was defined as a phenomenon of culture. This expands the traditional problems of the study of youth speech. The relevance of this article is determined by the fact that in modern linguistics there is no precise definition of the term "youth speech", there are no criteria for singling out youth speech, there are no systematized descriptions of youth speech of different regions of Russia. During great changes in society, people become "users" of another language, renewed by time. Youth speech is the most revealing and, to a large extent, subject to development and changes, as one of the varieties of a social dialect that has always been interested by the scientists, and there is great interest at the present time. A lot of scientific work has devoted to the study of the youth speech. The most active study of the youth language began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The first linguists having began to study the influence of various jargons and urban vernacular on the literary language were V.V. Vinogradov, B.A. Larin, A.M. Selischev and others. Subsequently, the study of the influence and interaction of jargons, vernaculars, and literary language has described in the scientific papers of L.P. Krysin, L.I. Skvortsova, V.P. Grigoryeva, Т.М. Diyeva, M.V. Dyachkov and other linguists. It is necessary to include a Russian youth speech of the 70-80s of the 20th century. It was studied actively, but in those days issues of transition to youth speech of different argo and the etymology of certain words and expressions have considered. In recent decades, scientists’ interest in studying Russian youth vocabulary has again appeared. Recently, many of dictionaries of various jargons and argotisms have been published. In 1999, a dictionary published by Ermakova, E.A. Zemsky, R.I. Rosina, "The words with which we all met: The Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Common Jargon. " In 2000, the "Dictionary of Russian Argo" B.C. Elistratova, "Historical and etymological dictionary of thieves' jargon" M.A. Gracheva, V.M. Mokienko, "Dictionary of Russian military jargon" V.P. "Great Dictionary of Russian Jargon" 2001. Nikitina. In 2003 he published "The Explanatory Dictionary of Youth Slang, the words incomprehensible to adults" by the same author and the "Dictionary of Youth Slang of 1980- 2000". Levikova published the "Big Dictionary of Youth Slang." In 2004, the "Youth Slang. Tolk Dictionary" T.G. Nikitina and others. The subject of the research in this article is a youthful discourse, which is one of the social dialects, an analysis of the functioning of this discourse in the system of the modern Russian language. The scientific purpose of the article is the systematization of youth vocabulary and its derivational characteristics, new lexical units identified, replenishing the ranks of synonyms of modern youth speech. The material for this article was selected of words from the "Dictionary of Modern Youth Slang" by Grachev MA, "Dictionary of Youth Slang" by T.G. Nikitina, "The Big Dictionary of Youth Slang" by S. Levikova. The scientific novelty of the article is that it examines the empirical material of some dictionaries of modern youth speech. An attempt has been made to show the word-formation features of youth jargon lexical units and phraseological units of youth discourse. Based on the work done in the article, the following conclusions were made: Russian youth speech is a certain lexical-semantic of the subsystem of language. This system is historically volatile and complex. Modern Russian youth speech has a so-called "core" - it's "commonplace jargon" and "periphery", which includes jargon words, expressions from the speec