MADDE BAĞIMLILIĞI KONULU KAMU SPOTLARININ LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİNCE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

ASSESSMENT OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE BY THE STUDENTS OF HIGH SCHOOL

Özet

Bağımlılık yapan madde çeşitlerinin giderek artması ve ulaşım imkânlarının çok kolay hale gelmesinden dolayı bağımlılıkla mücadele, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye'de de önemsenen bir konu haline gelmiştir. Madde bağımlılığının bireyler üzerinde ruhsal, biyolojik ve fiziksel etkileri olduğu gibi toplum üzerinde de derin kaygılara sebep olduğu bilinmektedir. Çok çeşitli argümanlarla gerçekleştirilen bağımlılıkla mücadele yöntemlerinden biri de kamu spotlarıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı lise öğrencilerinin madde bağımlılığı konulu kamu spotlarına yönelik görüşlerini farkındalık, etkililik ve öneri bakımından değerlendirebilmektir. Araştırma Uşak ilinde yürütülmüş olup, Uşak Anadolu Lisesinde eğitim gören 356 öğrenci çalışmanın örneklemi olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen ölçek ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile elde edilmiştir. Geliştirilen ölçek "farkındalık" boyutu 9 soru, "etkililik" boyutu 16 soru ve "öneri ve değerlendirme" boyutu 9 soru olmak üzere toplam 34 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin değeri .81, Bartlett testi anlamlılık değeri .00 ve Cronbach-alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısının ise .91 olduğu bulunmuştur. Ölçekten elde edilen veriler ttesti, ortalamalar ve ANOVA teknikleri ile çözümlenirken, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler ise betimsel analiz tekniğiyle çözümlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda öğrencilerin, farkındalık ve etkililik boyutunda "kararsız" düzeyde iken, "öneri boyutunda "katılıyorum" düzeyinde oldukları; cinsiyet, sınıf, alan, yaş, sivil toplum kuruluşlarına üyelik ve düzenli spor yapıp/yapmama değişkenlerine göre ise gruplar arasında belirgin bir farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir

Abstract

Public service announcement (PSA), can be defined as short films that are prepared in order to raise the awareness of audiences about the necessary issues and delivered to audiences with social media such as the internet, television and radio. PSA has been applied as the first time on television skits in 1980's without called as PSA, in Turkey. Emphasizing the importance of VAT and with the slogan "shopping voucher" which premiered television may be accepted as the first practice in this area (Kandemir, 2014). Next in the process PSA which is developed and enriched about the content has been used effectively and widely. The topics of substance abuse to be covered in a theme in the PSA, has begun with Law dated 2011 and No. 6112 (Resmi Gazete, 2011). The concept of substance can be defined as the abusing objects when taken a certain extent that affect all body functions particularly nervous system of individual and rocked the root of family and social equilibrium, which has the economic dimension, which are prohibited by law (Kaçakçılık ve Organize Suçlar Raporu, 2003). Addiction may be expressed as excessive demands to any object, lack of responsiveness to give up, to react extremely when the absence of elements (Bektaş, 1991; Babaoğlu, 1997). It is regarded as an addiction behavior in the literature. A situation that sense of space which occur in individuals be tried to resolve by any objects and can no longer be controlled is the basis of behavior. In a sense addiction can be expressed in the form to be seizured and emerges as a threat in every sense that includes negativity in both individual and society, and as a threat the future of the country (Işık ve Erdal, 2015). As we are about to complete the first quarter of the 21 Century, substance abuse has reached a serious risk dimension in our country as well as all over the world. Substance abuse among the young people is such an extent of high level so that it will need to take measures. When considering the fact that the age of onset of substance abuse is a very early age the desperate of the problem will be better understood. Substance abuse issues seem to be a risk factor in Turkey as well as all over the world (Özmen ve Kubanç, 2013). Because lately in research, especially in the level of drug use among young people in puberty it was determined to be a very significant increase (Meclis Araştırma Komisyonu, 2008). Some of them can express succinctly as follows; under the coordination of Istanbul Police Department and the Provincial Directorate of National Education, a longitudinal study was conducted in 2010-2012 with 32,000 high school students. The results of study has been determined that 45 percent of the students smoke cigarette, 32 percent drink alcohol, and 9 percent use drugs. Another study conducted by the General Directorate of Security, "2014 Turkey Drug Report" shows that study of substance abuse has increased b 17% compared to 2013, while deaths due to addiction increased by 4 times compared to the previous year (Kızılkoyun, 2014). When considering the fact that the age of onset of substance abuse drops below 20s ages in Turkey, then it will be better understood the importance of combating addiction (Meclis Araştırma Komisyonu, 2008). Today fighting addiction is trying to be executed with a wide range of organizations and various arguments One of the arguments is PSA. Aim: In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the PSA which is one of the methods of struggle with substance abuse in terms of awareness, effectiveness and suggestions through the high school students. Method: The study population consists of students Usak Anatolia High School in Usak Province. To represent the universe and to tolerate the margin of error, 356 students have been identified as samples (Ural ve Kılıç, 2006). In this study semi-structured interview scale developed and formdata in accordance with the purpose of working in was collected. The three dimensional scale consists of 34 questions. 356 students applied scale factor analysis was conducted after the data entered into SPSS. The results showed that scale items combined at three factors and it has been found that the factor loadings of which is between .61- .83 and 65% explain the total variance. Developed scale consists of 34 items that "awareness" size 9 question, "effectiveness" size 16 questions and "advice and evaluation" size 9 questions. The scale of the KaiserMeyer-Olkin value was found as .81, Bartlett's test of significance value was found as .00 and Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was found as.91. Scale and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 students who are willing and volunteers from the group. The results obtained from the scale has been evaluated by analysis program named (SPSS.18). Verbal data obtained from semi-structured interviews were transcribed and analyzed by descriptive analysis method (Büyüköztürk, 2010). Findings: The effectiveness, awareness and recommendations of the PSA have been analyzed according to six variables. The findings obtained in the analysis are discussed separately below. The findings derived from the scale used in the study Students awareness and effectiveness dimension about PSA was determined "unstable" level and proposals size was determined” Agree "level. The average scores of girls and boys according to gender to are close to one another; both groups awareness score was determined not differ significantly in size efficiency and recommendations. Class (9, 10, 11 and 12) according to the level of the variable students while thinking almost the same size in the awareness and effectiveness, it was found that differences of opinion on the proposals size. Age variables are not differ according to the size of the views of students on the awareness and effectiveness, the proposed size of age group 18 and 19 have the highest average that can be said it was affected by the impact of growth. According field variable, aware