İSLÂM MEDENİYETİNİN BÜTÜNLÜKLÜ, KAPSAYICI VE DİĞER MEDENİYETLERLE ETKİLEŞİME AÇIK YAPISI

The Structure of Islam Civilization Being Holistic, Inclusive and Open to Interaction with Other Civilizations

Özet

Öz: Son iki asırdır dünyaya egemen olan modernizm iktisadi, siyasi ve içtimai eşitsizlikler üretmekte; insanlığın ihtiyaç duyduğu adaleti getirmek bir yana zulmün ve ifsadın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu temel ile birlikte Batılılar, İslam dünyasının tahrifatı ve ardından işgali neticesinde modernitenin unsurları olan hümanist, rasyonel, sekülarist, ilerlemeci ve pozitif bilim anlayışını İslâm dünyasına zerk etmişlerdir. Bütün bunlardan dolayı Müslümanlar birkaç asırdır bir aşağılık kompleksi ve özgüven problemi içinde yaşamaktadır. Modernitenin insanlığa verdiği bu zararlar Müslümanların ilmî sahadan geri çekilmesiyle de katlanarak artmaktadır. Bu artışı durdurmak için insanlığın modernite ile birlikte kopardığı hakikatlere yeniden bir dönüş gerekmektedir. Sorunun çözümü için öncelikle insanlık tarihinde 800 yıl büyük bir rol oynayan bir medeniyetin mensubu olan insanların, bütün bunların nasıl olduğunu ortaya koyması ve bu medeniyeti geliştiren bilginleri, ekolleri ve süreçleri bilmeleri gerekmektedir. Bunun için eğitim ve kültür algısında eğitim kurumlarında verilenlerden daha öte makro bir anlayış geliştirmek zorunluluğu bulunmaktadır. Eğitimden kastedilen salt sistematik örgün bir talim değil, zihniyetlerin her yaşta ıslah edilmesi ve modernitenin ifsadına maruz bırakılmamasıdır. Geçerli bir ilmî perspektif için çağın ilmî gelişmelerini de takip etmek gerekmektedir. Elbette bu yapılırken ne moderniteye göre (muhafazakâr modernleşme çabaları) ne onun için (batıcı modernleşme çabaları) ne de ona karşı (muhafazakâr çabalar) tavır içine girmeden İslam’da özgün olanı ortaya koyabilir, ayrıca modern olan da kullanılabilir ise modernitenin ifsadı izale edilmiş olacaktır. Zira Müslümanlar uygarlık kurduklarında kendilerinden önceki bütün tecrübelerden faydalandılar. Kendilerini onlara göre veya karşı durmak zorunda konumlandırmadılar. O süreçte dünya toplumlarından bilinçli olarak beslendiklerini kavramamız gerekmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: İslâm, Teâti, Fuat Sezgin, İslâm, Teâti, Fuat Sezgin, Muhammed Hamidullah, .

Abstract

Abstract: Modernism, which has dominated the world for the last two centuries, produces economic, political and social inequalities and it underlies the persecution and subversion far from bringing the justice needed by humanity. With this base, Westerners have injected the humanist, rational, secularist, progressive and positive understanding of science into the Islamic world as elements of modernity as a result of the falsification and after the occupation of the Islamic world. Because of these, Muslims have been having inferiority complex and lack of confidence for several centuries. These damages of modernity to humanity increase incrementally with the withdrawal of Muslims from the scientific field. In order to stop this increase, it is necessary to return to the truths that humanity has broken with modernity. To do this, first of all, people, who are members of a civilization that has played a major role in the history of humanity for 800 years, must demonstrate how this all happened and know the scholars, ecoles and processes that developed this civilization. For this, it is necessary to develop a macro understanding in education and culture perception and this must be superior to those given in educational institutions. Education is not merely a systematic formal teaching, but rather the rehabilitation of mentality at any age and not being exposed to the subversion of modernity. For a valid scientific perspective, it is necessary to follow the scientific developments of the age. Of course, while doing this, if the original in Islam can be taken without having an attitude that is neither according to modernity (conservative modernization efforts) nor for it (western modernization efforts) and nor against it (conservative efforts) and if the modern one can be used, the subversion of modernity will be removed. Likewise, when Muslims established the civilization, they benefited from all previous experiences. They did not feel like they had to be bound to them or against them. In this process, we need to understand that they are consciously nourished from world societies.Summary : Modernism, which has dominated the world for the last two centuries, produces economic, political and social inequalities and it underlies the persecution and subversion far from bringing the justice needed by humanity. Westerners have injected the humanist, rational, secularist, progressive understanding of science into the all non-western societies generellay and into the Islamic world particularly as main elements of modernity as a result of the falsification and after the occupation of the Islamic world. As they have been affected by these, Muslims have been having inferiority complex and lack of confidence for several centuries due to the political, economic and intellectual collapse. These damages of modernity to humanity increase incrementally with the withdrawal of Muslims especially from the political, economic and intellectual fields. In order to stop this increase, it is necessary to return to the truths that humanity has broken with modernity.In order to return to the truths, first of all, it is necessary to make the place of the Islamic religion in the minds of the Muslims of which they are members. It should not be forgotten that Islam, sent by God as a vertical axis with prophethood, to provide peace, prosperity and happiness in the life of the world and the hereafter, plays important roles in meeting not only the spiritual needs but also the material needs of humanity. In this sense, it is important to keep in mind that Islam advises people to interact with each other in order to meet the material needs of humanity in the world life, to ensure, increase and stabilize the prosperity. It should be noted that Islam, which encourages these practices constituting the horizontal axis of civilizations, has put forward an integrated system that regulates this incentive along with prophethood as the vertical axis. Allah wishes humanity, which is in the situation of tribalization due to the geographical conditions, to meet and interact with each other and He has been involved in history with prophethood in the times when this communication breaks. As it is frequently mentioned, all the prophets carried out communiqués to ensure that communities live together and interact with each other. As we have indicated in the previous lines, it is essential that mentioned trait of Islam should be re-arranged in a powerful way in a period when modernity tries to standardize the differences of people and assimilate their originality. For the solution of the problem, people who are members of a civilization that has played a major role in the history of humanity for 800 years must demonstrate how Islamic civilization and thought occured and know the scholars, ecoles and processes that developed this civilization. For instance; Fuat Sezgin says “Muslims should know Al-Biruni (d. 1050), Ibn Sina (d. 1037), Jabir Ibn Hayyan (d. 813) and Ibn Al-Haytham (d. 1040). It should not be forgotten that Muslims will see what a person can do alone and the creativity of a person when they investigate these things. First of all, these studies will enable particularly Turks and generally Muslims to see how high the civilization they belong to. Then, with the increase of the audience of these works, the feeling of inferiority in the Muslims against the West and the misperception of European civilization will be eliminated.” On the other hand, it is essential to read the history from our own perspective of civilization, not from a Eurocentric and progressive view of history. Only with this perspective, the central place of Islam and Muslims in world history can be realized because one of the biggest events affecting the world history is the emergence of Islam. In a short time after the emergence of Islam, the paganism of Jahiliyyah was buried in history, the Sassanid empire was defeated and Zoroastrianism was abolished. Eastern Roman

Anahtar kelimeler: İslâm, Teâti, Fuat Sezgin, Muhammed Hamidullah, Necmettin Erbakan