TÜRKİYE’DE POPÜLER KÜLTÜRÜN MUHAFAZAKÂRLAŞMASI VE EĞLENCE KÜLTÜRÜNÜN SİYASALLAŞMASI

CONSERVATIVENESS OF POPULAR CULTURE AND THE POLITICIZATION OF ENTERTAINMENT CULTURE IN TURKEY

Özet

Bu araştırmanın konusu, Türkiye'nin popüler kültüründe yaşanan muhafazakârlaşmanın eğlence kültürüne tesirleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın temel amacı ise Türkiye'de siyasal alanda yaşanan muhafazakârlaşma sürecinin, eğlence kültürüne ne gibi tesirleri olduğunu göstermektir. Bundan dolayı ele alınan bu çalışma, iletişim teorileri arasında Marshall McLuhan'ın 'Global Köy' kavramıyla ile ilişkilendirilerek, Türkiye'deki eğlence kültürü, muhafazakâr değerler ve yaşanan değişimin esasları üzerinde durulmuştur. Araştırmanın kapsam sınırlılığı ise 2003 yılından günümüze kadar gelmektedir. Tanımlayıcı seviyede analiz yapılabilmesi için de McLuhan'ın kavramsal retoriğinden istifade edilmiş ve bundan hareketle Türkiye'de eğlence kültüründe yaşanan değişimin esaslarına bakılmıştır. Araştırmanın ana problematiği ise Türkiye'de eğlence kültüründe yaşanan değişimin dinamik, kontrolsüz ve sürekli güncellenen bir yapıya sahip olup olmadığına bakmaktır. Araştırmanın temel varsayımıysa Türk eğlence kültüründe yaşanan radikal ve kısa süreli değişimin, aslında siyasal kültürle ilintili olduğuna ve eğlence zihniyetini yeniden inşa ettiğine dayanmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda Türkiye'nin, eğlence kültüründe yaşadığı köklü değişimi henüz kontrol edebilecek durumda olmadığı ve 'Yeni Türkiye'de, siyasal alanda yaşanan muhafazakârlaşmanın eğlence kültürüne de yansıdığı, ancak bu yansımanın karmaşık, değişik ve belirsiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle Türkiye'deki seküler ideolojiyle yarışan İslâmcı muhafazakâr ideoloji, daha geniş kitlelere ulaşabilmek ve farklı grupları etkileyebilmek için eğlence sektörünü etkin bir şekilde kullandığı ve Türk halkını kitlesel eğlence aracı olan televizyonla etkilemeye çalıştığı görülmüştür. Hâl böyle olunca Türk siyasal hayatında yaşanan değişimin, eğlence kültürünü yeniden yapılandıracağı düşünülmektedir

Abstract

The conservativeness in the popular culture and the impacts of the politicization in Turkey’s entertainment culture have been analyzed in this research. The main purpose of research is to indicate the impacts of the conservativeness occurring in political realm to the entertainment culture. This paper is related to Marshall McLuhan’s “Global Village” doctrine among the transmission theories, and analyzes the entertainment culture, conservative assets and the changes in Turkey. The content limitation is since 2003 till now. For a depictor analyze McLuhan’s user-centered public interaction method has been preferred and in this way it was attempted to indicate the changes in Turkey’s entertainment culture. The main problematic of research is to find out the changes in Turkey’s entertainment culture which has the changeable, dynamical, unrestrained and perpetually updated features. The other assumption in this paper; radical and short-timed changes in entertainment culture in Turkey, are actually related to the political culture and they reconstruct the entertainment mentality. As a result, it can be assumed that Turkey is not up to the reactions against various social problems and the changes that happen in entertainment culture. Consequently, it was detected that the conservativeness in political realm reverberates to the entertainment culture in ‘New Turkey’ and this reflection is complicated, changeable and uncertain. So, the changes in Turkey’s political life can be defined with redefine of entertainment culture Since the ancient history of political sovereignty, all the powers correlated politic realm with entertainment culture and they capitalized with the usage of this binding. The relation between politic realm and entertainment culture sometimes detracted the masses from the politics and sometimes the opposite of it. Indeed, every community develops its own entertainment culture or perception that bases on the community’s values. Current culture and perception have faced some changes time by time. The most essential events that occurred in ancient period were festivals and celebrating. Stunningly, during middle ages it was witnessed to mass tortures and executions as mass entertainment. Specially during Roman Empire bread and circus formulas had been used to hold off the individuals from politics and prevent them from changing to anarchy. Various bloody fights were performed in the arenas. Nowadays press and media that assumed the main factor of mass entertainment culture, are being utilized for the prosecution of current culture and sovereign politics in most countries of the world.Nowadays, mass communication is being fulfilled for the adoption of sovereign ideology of political realm. Islamic conservative ideology that is competing with secular ideology in Turkey, have used entertainment sector for reaching to more mass and for influencing different groups. That is why mass tool like TV and soap operas have been evaluated like the most important ideological reflection and propagation of political power. Increase of the political messages directed to popular culture caused to the rise of the conservativeness in entertainment culture and caused it to change in Turkey. Consequently, relation between entertainment sector and politics, politicized to public and caused to the transfer of political messages. The cultural paradigm of modern community in Turkey makes a whole with economical system, cultural production, conscious industry and information complex, socio-economical structure produces the culture it needs and make it to be accepted by individuals and mass. So, the topic of the research is conservativeness in the popular culture and the impacts of the politicization in Turkey’s entertainment culture. The main purpose of the research is to indicate the effects of the conservativeness occurring in political realm to the entertainment culture. The paper is related to Marshall Mc Luhan’s “Global Village” concept among the transmission theories and analyzes the entertainment culture, conservative assets and the changes in Turkey. The content limitation is since 2003 till now. For a depicter analyze McLuhan’s usercentered public interaction method has been preferred and in this way it was attempted to indicate the changes in Turkey’s entertainment culture. The main problematic of research is to find out the changes in Turkey’s entertainment culture which has the changeable, dynamical, unrestrained and perpetually updated features. The assumption in this paper; radical and short-timed changes in entertainment culture in Turkey. It was tried to make press and literature search and follow the social media for revealing the changes occurring in politics-entertainment relation in Turkey since 2003. The entertainment culture and sector that is developing recent years made some work that drew attention of mass people. It is not just advertisers, sociologists, cultural anthropologists that do it, the politicians also draw attention in this case. This situation is like a spiral turn. The conservative ideology that shines out in political realm since 2000 years in Turkey enured to entertainment culture, provided sectoral progress in this realm and attempted to determine new world of ideas in entertainment culture. From the point of view that with the political power entertainment culture changed in Turkey, the thesis in this research is that every single power determines its discourse and ideology. The political powers in Turkey tried to regulate popular culture and entertainment culture and in this way they attempted to reflect their thoughts and ideology to people. The hypothesis of this research is that “entertainment culture is not concrete” and it is being tried to find out how it effects the entertainment culture-one of the conservative ideology’s tools. So the main hypothesis of the research is that the entertainment culture gets conservative with the power that develops with the cons